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Genetics Unit Exam 25-26

Total questions: 79

Worksheet time: 3hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What allele combination should go in the missing box?
a)
AA
b)
Aa
c)
aa
d)
none of these
2.
Who is considered the "father of genetics"?
a)
Gregor Mendel
b)
Reginald Punnett
c)
James Watson
d)
Justin Bieber
3.
Purple flowers describes
a)
genotype
b)
phenotype
4.
Where do your inherited genes come from?
a)
offspring
b)
parents
c)
gametes
d)
grandchildren
5.

How many chromosomes do humans have?

a)

12

b)

25

c)

46

d)

102

6.
Aa is
a)
homozygous (purebred)
b)
heterozygous (hybrid)
7.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both 
8.
G = green, g = yellow
The genotype for a yellow plant is...
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
all of the choices result in yellow
9.
T = tall an t = short
What is the phenotype for Tt?
a)
short
b)
tall
c)
medium sized
d)
neither tall or short
10.
How many alleles (letters) do each person carry for a trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
11.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
12.
Is this punnet square true or false?
a)
False, because there should be 3 dominate alleles.
b)
True.
c)
False, because There should be 3 recessive alleles.
d)
I don't know....
13.

In a genetics laboratory, two heterozygous tall plants are crossed. If tall is dominant over short, what are the expected phenotypic results?

a)

100% Tall

b)

50% Tall, 50% Short

c)

75% Tall, 25% Short

d)

25% Tall, 75% Short

14.

What are punnett squares used for?

a)

Predicting the possible offspring of two parents

b)

Determining the alleles of a specific gene

c)

Identifying dominant and recessive traits

d)

Determining an individuals genotype

15.

In guinea pigs, the allele for rough coat (R) is dominant to the allele for smooth coat (r). A rough coat male and a smooth coat female mate. They produce several offspring - 50% are rough coat and 50% are smooth coat. What are the genotypes of the parents?

a)

RR x rr

b)

RR x Rr

c)

Rr x rr

d)

Rr x Rr

16.

What are different forms of a gene called?

a)

Alleles

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Factors

d)

Traits

17.
Genotype refers to the ...
a)
physical expression of the genes
b)
the possible combination of alleles in a gene
c)
whether an allele is dominant or recessive
d)
how an organism will appear
18.

Squidward has light blue skin, and his genotype for this trait is Bb. Which of the following would describe Squidward?

a)

Purebred

b)

Hybrid

c)

Homozygous

d)

Sex-linked

19.
What is a phenotype
a)
The genetic make up (code)
b)
The physical trait
20.
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
a)
heredity
b)
trait
c)
gene
d)
allele
21.
Piece of DNA that give traits
a)
phenotype
b)
locus
c)
gene
d)
allele
22.
A cross of one trait that would have a 4 box punnet square of offspring possibilities
a)
tetrahybrid cross
b)
trihybrid cross
c)
dihybrid cross
d)
monohybrid cross
23.
Dominant alleles are represented by a:
a)
Male gene
b)
lowercase letter
c)
recessive trait
d)
capital letter
24.
How many boxes would say BB?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
0
25.

Lower case letter; this represents what is hidden when a dominant allele is present

a)

recessive

b)

homozygous

c)

dominant

d)

heterozygous

26.

Which is homozygous dominant?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

None of them

27.

Which is homozygous recessive?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

None of them

28.
Gary Goldfish is heterozygous for dark orange color.  Ginny Goldfish is homozygous dominant.  Their baby has light orange color.  Is Gary the father?
a)
Yes, because the light orange color is dominant
b)
No, because there is no way they could produce a homozygous recessive baby
c)
Yes, because Ginny has two alleles for light orange color, so their baby could be light orange
d)
No, because Gary does not have the allele for light color.
29.

Traits that always overpower others are called

a)

Inherited traits

b)

Environmental traits

c)

Dominant traits

d)

Recessive traits

30.

Weaker traits that can be hidden by others are called

a)

Inherited traits

b)

Environmental traits

c)

Dominant traits

d)

Recessive traits

31.

The scientific study of how traits are inherited

a)

Heredity

b)

Genetics

c)

Hybrid

d)

Purebred

32.

A single gene has 3 or more alternative forms. These are called

a)

heterozygotes

b)

multiple alleles

c)

epistatic

d)

polygenic

33.
If this image were real, it would represent what type of inheritance?
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
codominance
c)
polygenic inheritance
d)
compete dominance
34.
AB blood type is an example of what type of inheritance?
a)
complete dominance
b)
incomplete dominance
c)
codominance
d)
polygenic inheritance
35.
A red flowered plant (RR) breeds with a White flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance.  What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
36.
Aa, DD, bB, yy are all examples of
a)
genotypes
b)
phenotypes
37.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
38.
This is an example of ___________?
a)
Incomplete dominance
b)
Co-Dominance
39.
What type of inheritance is shown?
a)
complete
b)
incomplete
c)
codominance
d)
sex-linked
40.
Homozygous is when...
a)
the alleles are the same
b)
the alleles are different
c)
the alleles are absent
d)
the alleles are present
41.
Heterozygous is when...
a)
the alleles are the same
b)
the alleles are different
c)
the alleles are absent
d)
the alleles are present
42.
Blood types are an example of co dominance and
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
sex linked traits
c)
multiple alleles
d)
polygenics
43.
This is when a trait is controlled by more than one gene.
a)
Multiple alleles
b)
Polygenetic inheritance
c)
Codominance
d)
Incomplete Dominance 
44.
If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?
a)
sex-linked trait
b)
polygenic trait
c)
codominant trait
d)
incomplete dominance trait
45.
How are Incomplete Dominance and Co Dominance different than a normal Mendelian cross?
a)
There is no difference
b)
The heterozygous genotype has a unique phenotype
c)
There is no heterozygous genotype
d)
There is only one phenotype regardless of genotype.
46.
Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is
a)
dominant and located on the X chromosome.
b)
recessive and located on the Y chromosome.
c)
recessive and located on the X chromosome.
d)
recessive and located on the Y chromosome.    
47.
If a male has an affected x chromosome for a sex-linked trait such as colorblindness, where did he get the chromosome from?
a)
His father
b)
His mother
48.
Looking at this pedigree, how many female family members are carriers?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
10
d)
7
49.

A calico cat shows both the traits for orange fur and black fur. What kind of allele expression is this?

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Co dominance with X-inactivation

c)

Independent assortment

d)

Recessive inheritance

50.
I have 1 X chromosome and 1 Y chromosome. What am I?
a)
Male
b)
Female
51.
I have 2 X chromosomes. What am I?
a)
Male
b)
Female
52.
In some carnations, flower color exhibits codominance. When crosses, Red (R) and white (W) flowers make speckled flowers (RW) that show both colors.
Complete a cross between A speckled flower and a red flower. Find the phenotype ratio.
a)
2 red: 2 speckled: 0 white
b)
4 red: 0 speckled: 0 white
c)
0 red: 4 speckled: 0 white
d)
0 red: 2 speckled: 2 white
53.

Many genes determine 1 trait (ex: skin color)

a)

Incomplete Dominance

b)

Polygenic

c)

Codominance

d)

Multiple alleles

54.
For an XX female to express a recessive sex-linked trait, she must have....
a)
two recessive alleles
b)
a Y chromosome 
c)
one recessive allele
d)
two dominant alleles
55.

Most real-world characteristics are determined not just by genotypes, but also by environmental factors that influence how genotype is translated into phenotype. TRUE or FALSE

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

56.

In the winter, the fur of this arctic fox will turn white. Is this due to genetics, the environment, or both?

a)

genetics

b)

environment

c)

both

57.

Two parents are carriers of a genetic disease. This means they are ____.

a)

homozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

d)

heterozygous

58.
What you see, or the physical appearance.
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Homozygous
d)
Heterozygous
59.

How many alleles does a person carry for a trait?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

60.

How many alleles does a child get from each parent for a trait?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

61.

This pedigree represents the inheritance of hemophilia in this family. How many of the males have the hemophilia trait?

a)

8

b)

5

c)

2

d)

3

62.
Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked trait. If H = normal & h = has hemophilia, which genotype represents a male with hemophilia. 
a)
XHY
b)
XHXh
c)
XhXh
d)
XhY 
63.

What type of genotype does each flower have?

Purple (P) is dominant to white (p).

Move label to bottom of square.

a)

homozygous recessive

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

heterozygous dominant

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
64.

Complete the following monohybrid punnett by labeling the each box with the correct genotype.

a)

TT

b)

Tt (top)

c)

Tt (bottom)

d)

tt

1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
65.

Let's pretend the color of cat fur can follow all 3 types of inheritance patterns.

If all 3 cats are HETEROZYGOUS, label the pattern of inheritance.

a)Codominance
b)Mendelian (complete dominance)
c)

Incomplete dominance

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
66.
What is the genotype of the mother?
a)
BB
b)
bb
c)
Bb
d)
BB or Bb
67.
What goes in box 3
a)
Aabb
b)
AABB
c)
AAbb
d)
aaBb
68.
Cross Two Homozygous plants
(RRYY x rryy)
R = round seeds, r  = wrinkled seeds Y = yellow seeds, y = green seeds
What percent will have Round and Yellow seeds? 
a)
0%
b)
25%
c)
50%
d)
100%
69.
This image shows a...
a)
Punnett Square
b)
Phenotype
c)
Genotype
d)
Dominant allele
70.

Which best describes epistasis?

a)

An allele that changes the genotype of another allele

b)

A gene that changes the genotype of another gene

c)

An allele that controls or masks the expression of another allele

d)

A gene that controls or masks the expression of another gene

71.

Labrador retriever's fur color is an example of epistasis. In this case the E gene controls the expression of the B gene. It a puppy was born with the genotype eeBB its fur color would be ________ and if it was born with the genotype EEbb it would be __________

a)

yellow, yellow

b)

yellow, black

c)

chocolate, black

d)

yellow, chocolate

72.

Two genes interact with each other to influence flower color. The first gene controls the ability to make flower pigment. If pigment is made, the second gene codes for either Purple (P) or white (p) flowers.

a)

Extranuclear inheritance

b)

Epistasis

c)

Linkage

d)

Continuous variation

73.

The mechanism behind X-inactivation is the production of

a)

Epistatic effects

b)

Barr bodies

c)

Epigenetic effects

d)

Y-chromosome shortening

74.

True or False: Complex inheritance of traits follows inheritance patterns described by Mendel.

a)

True

b)

False

75.

This is the pair of chromosomes that determines an individual's gender:

a)

Autosomes

b)

Epistasis

c)

Gender Alleles

d)

Sex Chromosomes

76.

The other 22 pairs of chromosomes in the human body:

a)

Sex Chromosomes

b)

Autosomes

c)

Chromosome Pairs

d)

Karyotypes

77.

True or False: The environment also has an effect on phenotype.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

If a man with type O blood marries a woman with type AB blood, what are the chances that their child will have type O blood?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

79-80.

A family plans to purchase two Californian rabbits. Californian rabbits are white with black points (ears, nose, feet, and tail) and exhibit temperature-influenced color expression. The family finds a breeder who sells the two breeds of rabbits pictured, Californian and New Zealand.

The family purchases two eight-week-old Californian kits (baby rabbits) from this breeder. The family takes the kits home and places them outdoors (30°C) in a rabbit hutch. After a few weeks, both rabbits are white with gray points rather than black points. The family members wonder if they received the correct breed of rabbits.


The family starts to research the genetics of coat color in rabbits and learns that color expression in rabbit coats is primarily influenced by five different genes, all found on one chromosome. These five genes account for 144 different color variations found in rabbits.


In researching the genetics of Californian rabbit colors, the family learns that possible colors for the points include black and gray. The family then focuses its research on the c gene (color gene) and the d gene (dense-dilute gene).


This table summarizes the genetic patterns and phenotypes of the c gene and d gene.

Based on the rabbits’ expressed phenotype of gray points, a member of the family argues that the rabbits’ genotype for the c gene is cc.

In anticipation of a heat wave, the family members move the rabbits from their outdoor hutch (30 °C) to an air-conditioned room (20 °C) inside their home.


Several days after the rabbits were moved, their gray points turned black. The family decides to take the rabbits to a veterinarian who treats and also breeds Californian rabbits.


Refer to this table for genetic information about the c gene and d gene.

The family finds an online simulation that allows them to observe how temperature affects the rabbits’ point color, assuming that the rabbits have at least one copy of the Himalayan allele (Cʰ) . Depending on the air temperature, the Cʰ allele controls point color expression by interacting with the Cʰ gene.


This table shows the simulation results for expressed point color in rabbits with the allele.

79.

Based on the simulation results and assuming that the rabbits inherited at least one Himalayan allele (Cʰ) , select the words from the menus that best complete the sentence.

Temperatures 30 °C and higher will act on the ​ (a)   of Californian rabbits and cause the expression of the ​ (b)   phenotype even if the rabbits inherited a dominant allele for the gene.

Choose from the below words
dense-dilute gene
color gene
gray-pointed
alibino
black-pointed
80.

Which three questions should the family ask their veterinarian that would most likely help the family understand the genetic basis for the recent color change of the rabbits?

a)

Is it possible for these rabbits to be heterozygous for the C gene, since the rabbits seem to express the Himalayan allele (Cʰ)?

b)

Is it possible for these rabbits to be heterozygous for the d gene, since they now have black points rather than gray points?

c)

Is it possible that the rabbits have eaten an unfamiliar food that has caused a change to their genetic make-up?

d)

Is it possible that the rabbits have contracted a parasite and this is affecting the expression of the C gene?

e)

Is it possible that the lower temperature of the room had an effect on the expression of the C gene?

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