coming into an area as part of a permanent move (in common language this combines the terms immigration and emigration)

the pattern of where people live across the earth

the ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

land that can be farmed

the total number of people divided by the total land area

the number of people per unit of area of arable land

the permanently inhabited portion of the earth as distinguished from the uninhabited or temporarily inhabited area

a difficulty that prevents people from completing a planned migration

a favorable circumstance that causes people to stop a planned migration to take advantage of the prospect

a motivator that draws people into an area

a force that motivates people to leave an area

the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain

when there are not enough resources in an area to support a population

when a population is neither growing or shrinking but staying about the same (an NIR of 0 or TFR of 2.1)

comparison of the numbers of males and females of different ages

a graph of the population of an area by age and sex - when a population is growing it takes a pyramid shape, hence the name

when a country reaches replacement level fertility

the number of live births per one thousand people in the population

the number of deaths per one thousand people in the population

the number of children who don't survive their first year of life per 1000 live births in a country

the time period it takes for a population to double in size

(birth rate - death rate)/10 - a positive NIR means a population is growing and a negative NIR means a population is shrinking

a model that helps explain how countries throughout the world tend to proceed through a similar process in term of CBR, CDR, and population

LOW GROWTH; Birth = Very high, Death = Very high; the stage for most of human history

HIGH GROWTH; EX: Egypt; Birth = High, Death = Rapidly declining; High population due to improvements in health and technology, which lower the death rate

MODERATE GROWTH; EX: India; Birth = Rapidly declining, Death = Moderately declining; Population is growing more slowly because people are having smaller families

LOW GROWTH; EX: United States; Birth = Very low, Death = Low or slightly increasing; Families are getting smaller due to birth control and women working outside the home; death rates are stable because the population is getting older

NEGATIVE GROWTH; EX: Japan; Birth = Very low, Death = Increasing; Japan is one of the first places to reach this stage; the population is getting older so death is increasing; this means a shortage of workers to support the aging population

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

when a country provides incentives for people to have fewer children (sometimes including punishments)

when a country provides incentives for people to have more children

the ratio of the number of people not in the work force (dependents) and those who are in the work force (producers) - useful for understanding the pressure on the producers

a shift in population where older people (gray hair!) become a bigger portion, usually as a result of declining birth rates

the average number of years a person born in a country might expect to live

a person seeking residence in a country outside of their own because they fleeing persecution

a series of migrations within a group that begins with one person who through contact with the group, pulls people to migrate to the same area.

a legal immigrant who is allowed into the country to work, usually for a relatively short time period

when people migrate not because the want to but because they have no other choice

a person forced to flee their home who remains in their home country

a person who flees their home country and is not able to return

migration to a far away place that takes place in stages

moving herds of animals to the highlands in the summer and into the low lands in the winter

moving across a border into another country

people choosing to migrate (not being forced)

the difference between immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 inhabitants. (+Positive net migration means more people moving in than moving out, -negative net migration means more people moving out than moving in)

when the majority of educated or skilled workers leave an area to pursue better opportunities elsewhere

the average number of children a woman is predicted to have in her child bearing (fecund) years