civil rights leader and college professor who fought for immediate social and political rights for African-Americans or Blacks

founder of the Atlanta Mutual Life Insurance Company.

educator, author, political activist, and orator; promoted the idea that African-Americans or Blacks should pursue economic and educational endeavors before seeking social and political equality.

to deprive a person the right to vote or rights of citizenship

48 hour riot in Atlanta caused by economic competition and false newspaper accounts of African-American or Black men attacking white women; several African-Americans or Blacks were killed during the riot.

laws created by state legislatures to deny African-Americans or Blacks citizenship rights

Supreme Court case that established the separate but equal doctrine thus promoting segregation

Prejudice against Jews

Principle upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in which the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public facilities was legal.

A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote

A requirement that citizens pay a tax in order to register to vote

disenfranchisement law that said if a person's father could vote before the Civil War they would be able to vote as well.