A ___ is a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of antibodies that destroy specific disease-causing viruses and organisms.

A ___ is a living thing that supplies a source of energy for a virus or an organism called a parasite.

Which of the following diseases does not have a vaccination to prevent it?

A cell that is invaded by a virus will make ___.

When Leeuwenhoek saw the first bacterium, he was looking at ___ under the microscope he created.

What does Clostridium botulism cause?

Endospores can resist __.

Bacteria are ___ which means their genetic material in their cells is not contained in a membrane-bound nucleus.

Most bacteria have a ___.

___ is a small, rounded thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell enabling the bacteria to survive harsh, unfavorable conditions.

___ is the process by which one bacterium transfers some genetic material to another bacterium through a thread-like bridge.

A ___ is a whip-like structure to help the bacteria move.

Conjugation does not increase the number of bacteria, does result in bacteria that are ___ different.

___ reproduction occurs between two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism.

Some bacteria die if oxygen is present in their surroundings; therefore, they are ___ which means without oxygen.

Organisms that break down food in the process of respiration are ___.

___ make their own food by the process of photosynthesis or by absorbing chemicals in their environment.

Autotrophic bacteria use the sun’s energy to produce food and then they release ___ into the air.

___ is a method of prolonging the shelf-life of food by heating the food to a temperature that is high enough to kill harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food.

The man who invented the method of heating food to prolonging the shelf-life was ___.

Heterotrophic bacteria that live in the soil are ___ that recycle organic substances for plants to use.

___ bacteria live in the soil and in nodules on the roots of certain plants called legumes.