Greatest leader, united the Germanic tribes and became emperor

Term for the social and political system that characterized the rule of Charlemagne

Threat to the empire that came from Spain and the Byzantine Empire

Threat to the empire that came from Norway and Denmark

In the Carolingian Empire ___ own(s) all the property.

The biggest portions of property, like those the size of a parish, would be managed by

Vassals are grateful to their lords, who are also called ____

Kings felt fatherly responsibility toward those in their kingdoms. The relationship between the vassal and lord is called

A "duchy" is

___ are at the bottom of the feudal pyramid.

Soldiers who receive land to manage from Dukes are called

The greatest benefit of the feudal system is

Ultimately, the Carolingian Empire will fall due to

___ became a means through which invaders reached the heart of the Carolingian Empire.

____ were storehouses of learning ever since the fall of the Roman Empire.

The Church suffers the loss of many learned men, books, and wealth due to

The Holy Isle of Lindisfarne was a monastery famous for

"Normans" are the offspring of Frenchmen and