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WorksheetsJęzykoznawstwo - Linguistics
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 50mins
What is inductive reasoning based on?
observations
facts
assumptions
Deductive conclusion is more...than the information the premises provide.
general
normal
special
Inductive conclusion is more...than the information premises provide.
general
normal
special
Deductive conclusion is more special than the information premises provide by...to the premises.
generalization
applying logical rules
observation
Inductive conclusion is more general than the information premises provide by...the premises information.
applying logical rules
experiments
generalizing
Deductive validity if the premises are true the conclusion...
must be true.
is probably true.
isn't true.
Inductive validity if the premises are true the conclusion is...
true.
isn't true
probably true.
Deductive usage: One needs ... which are definitely true.
facts
evidence
assumptions
Inductive usage: Used often in everyday life (fast and easy). ... is used instead of proved facts.
Theory
Evidence
Assumption
Denotation is...
literal, dictionary definition with no associated emotions.
phonetic perception of a word by message receiver.
abstract perception of a word with its associated emotions.
Connotation is...
the set of associations implied by a word in addition to its literal meaning.
words literal meaning without emotions it may imply.
adapted meaning of a word borrowed from another language.
Metonymy is...
the act of referring to something using a words that must describe all of it qualities or features.
the act of referring to something using a words that describes one of it qualities or features.
the act of referring to something using a words that must describe its historical meaning or features.
Metaphor is...
an expression that describes a person or object by referring to something that is considered to have no similar characteristic to that person or object.
an expression that describes a movement or thought by referring to something that is considered to act in similar way.
an expression that describes a person or object by referring to something that is considered to have similar characteristic to that person or object.
A figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something is a: ...
metonymy
connotation
synecdoche
Synecdoche is ...
a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to refer to other thing.
a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole thing.
a metaphor which is a part of something used to represent the whole thing.
Complex linguistic unit that has both phonetic and phonological characteristics is a: ...
letter
sentence
syllable
Second language acquisition...
are studies on how people acquire a second language.
is the process by which people learn a second language.
are studies why people learn to acquire a second languge.
The study of language use in relation to structure and context of utterance is: ...
pragmatics
phonetics
morphology
How do we name a study of nonverbal (auxiliary) human communication?
Paralinguistics
Forelinguistics
Prelinguistics
Onomatopeic words ...
which seem to ‘echo’ the sounds of objects or activities.
which describe features of abstract terms.
which help in language analysis.
A study that is based on understanding and use of language for legal matters is called: ...
law linguistics
judicial linguistics
juridical linguistics
Geolinguistics...
refers to speed rate of popularization of language.
refers to language in terms of territory.
refers to language popularization in specific time period.
Forensic linguistics is
application of linguistic knowledge, methods and insights to studies of extinct languages.
application of linguistic knowledge, methods and insights to studies of foreign languages.
application of linguistic knowledge, methods and insights to the forensic context of law, language, crime investigation etc.
Theolinguistics...
language and its function in religion, contact with god etc.
language and its function in philosophy, abstract thinking etc.
language and its function in society studies, society changes etc.
Infolinguistics
IT in terms of language studies.
information processing studies.
ways of expressing informations studies.
Neologism
is a relatively recent or isolated term, word, or phrase that may be in the process of entering common use
word with changed meaning due to being misused commonly
term describing word that is old-fashioned
What allows linguists to peer backward in time and determine the linguistic history of a language family?
back-formation
Paralinguistics
comparative reconstruction
The study of physical characteristics of speech sounds is:
acoustic phonetics
The study of nonphysical characteristics of speech sounds
The study of physical characteristics of speech sounds
The study of perception of sound waves created by speech
A linguist’s representation or model of the mental grammar (including the units, structures and rules) is ...
psychical grammar
prescriptive grammar
psychen grammar
Data sources that consist, ex.: books, articles, authentic texts, language corpora, etc. are called:
primary sources
secondary sources
Words that are opposite with respect to one of their semantic properties are called:
denotation
metonymy
antonyms
Word the same as another one in pronunciation and/or spelling, but different in meaning, e.g.:chase (to pursue) & chase (to ornament metal)
homonym
homophone
homograph
A word that has the same sound as another word, but is spelt differently and has a different meaning, e.g.:heir & air to/two/too
homograph
homonym
homophone
A word of the same spelling as another word, but of different sound, origin and meaning; whether pronounced the same or not, e.g.:lead (the metal) & lead (to go in front of)bear (to tolerate) & bear (the animal)
homophone
homograph
homonym
The study of the meanings of the words and sentences is termed as:
semantics
phonology
infolinguistics
The knowledge of a language represented by mental grammar that accounts for speakers’ linguistic ability and creativity.
competence
skill
ability
A research tool for data collection that is a set of structured questions for which answers can be coded and analyzed:
test
questionnaire
article
In what type of research, investigators look at the relationship between variables?
Correlational
Dependential
Subjectional
Dtudies involving the collection of data in order to test hypotheses or to answer questions concerning the current status of the subjects (of the study).
correlational
explanatory
descriptive
Studies conducted in order to explain any language behaviour. It could be done by using questionnaires, group discussions, interviews, etc.
correlational
explanatory
descriptive
studies conducted into an issue or problem where there are few or no earlier studies to refer to. The focus is on gaining insights and familiarity for later investigation.
explanatory
exploratory
excessive
Utterances, which require an immediate response or reaction from the interlocutor, ex.: offer-accept are:
adjacency pairs
diagonal pairs
subdivisional pairs
Both the structure and function of text & conversation are the main concerns of:
conversion analysis
exchange analysis
discourse analysis
Definition of language as the most important means of human communication (e.g. exchanging information) is presented with respect to a:
function
destination
discourse
As far as time for data collection is concerned, how do we call studies, in which groups of participants of different ages are observed and compared at a given time?
Cross-sectional
age-divisional
multi-sectional
An individual’s way of speaking, reflecting the person’s grammar is a(n):
Ego-dialecti
personal speech
idiolect
Where would you classify words that are printed in bold?
Please do not annoy, harass, bother, tease, irk, tantalize the animals in the Wild Animal Park.
Synonyms
Toponyms
Eponyms
understanding language of the written law, understanding language use in forensic and judicial processes, and the provision of linguistic evidence are ways to use...
judicial linguistics
forensic linguistics
Jurilinguistics
Tautology is an expression that is...
always true
usually true
never true
A structured session, in which linguists ask their informants to describe certain actions, objects, behaviours, etc. is called a(n):
embedment
elicitation
tautologies
The relationship between two sentences, where the truth of one infers the truth of the other is a(n):
tautology
elicitation
embedment
Words scarlet, emerald, turquoise are ……. of the word colour.
hyponyms
tautologies
synecdoches
Fast-changing words and phrases used in a casual speech by close-knit social or age groups are termed as:
slang
dialect
accent
Empirical research involving an analysis of numerical data is called:
quantitative
numerus
numerical
An empirical research involving an analysis of numerical data is called:
hyponymy
tautology
metonymy
A system of conventional spoken, signed (hands movements), or written symbols ruled by language characteristic set of rules by which people, as members of a social group and its culture express themselves.
Semantics
Language
Morphology
Considers a language at a moment in time without taking its history into account
diachronic
synchronic
syntagmatic
Considers the development and evolution of a language through history
diachronic
synchronic
quantitative
Studies structures of language and meaning
pragmatics
semantics
theoretical linguistics
A study of the phenomena, historical changes, and functions of language without restriction to a particular language or to a particular aspect.
general linguistics
theoretical linguistics
meta language
Semantic relations between words that co‐occur in the same sentence or text
syntagmatic
paradigmatic
synchronic
Different type of semantic relations between words that can be substituted with another word in the same categories
quantagmatic
paradigmatic
syntagmatic
Is the study of not only the history of languages, as the name implies, but also the study of how languages change, and how languages are related to one another
Historical linguistics
Historic linguistics
Time linguistics
An interdisciplinary field which identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems
comply linguistics
applied linguistics
adhibited linguistics
Is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.
simile linguistics
parallel linguistics
comparative linguistics
Study of language syntax and phonology.
microlinguistics
macrolinguistics
A field of study concerned with language in its broadest sense and including cultural and behavioral features associated with language
microlinguistics
macrolinguistics
