An encryption method in which two keys are used to encrypt and decrypt a message.

The process of verifying the identity of a user who logs on to a system, or the integrity of transmitted data.

The process of converting encrypted data back to its original form.

A password-protected, encrypted data file containing message encryption, user identification and message text.

An electronic stamp added to a message that uniquely identifies its source and verifies its contents at the time

A security technique designed to prevent access to information by converting it into a scrambled (unreadable) form of text.

A security barrier that controls the flow of information between the Internet and a private network

A number generated by an algorithm from a text string.

An application that installs hidden services on systems

Abbreviation for malicious software.

The security principle of providing proof that a transaction occurred between identified parties

____________ occurs when one party in a transaction denies that the transaction took place.

Programming code that provides a temporary solution to a known problem, or bug.

A protocol that provides authentication and encryption, used by most servers for secure exchanges over the Internet.

A software application secretly placed on a user's system to gather information and relay it to outside parties, usually for advertising purposes.

An encryption method in which the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt a message.

A program disguised as a harmless application that actually produces harmful results.

The unethical practice of registering domain names very similar to those of high-volume sites in hopes of receiving traffic from users seeking the high-volume site who mistakenly enter an incorrect URL in their browsers.

A malicious program that replicates itself on computer systems, usually through executable software, and causes irreparable system damage.

A self-replicating program or algorithm that consumes system resources.