Lived in the 2nd Century A.d and constructed a geocentric model of the universe.

Confirmed that the Earth orbits around the Sun, but in an elliptical shape.

Wrote the very famous three laws of motion, which explained basic physics principles

Using a telescope he discovered mountains on the moon, four moons revolving around Jupiter, and sunspots.

He articulated the principle of separation of body and mind and is considered the father of modern rationalism.

Female scientist of the 17th century who was critical of the growing belief that humans, through science, were the masters of the universe.

She was a self-taught astronomer who discovered a comet. She was denied a position as an assistant astronomer at Berlin Academy, due to being a woman.

He proposed the idea that people's minds start off tabula rasa (blank slate), but as they grow their minds were molded by experiences and environmental factors

Identified 3 basic kinds of government, the 3 branches of government and the system of checks and balances.

Championed for religious tolerance in France. Promoted the deist line of thinking, saying that while God created the universe, he was no longer interfering with the happenings on Earth.

Established the economic concept of laissez-faire, which states that governments should allow their economies to develop independently without government interference.

He opposed the death penalty and brutal punishments.

She is considered the founder of the women's rights movement. She started the conversation that the idea of men having more power than women was wrong.

Through the social contract, an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will. Individuals who wish instead to follow their own self-interests must be forced to abide by the general will.