Using a double standard or arguing for an unjustified exception to the rule.

Attacking an opponent's character or their motives for believing something.

Condemning an argument because of where it began, how it began, or who began it.

Dismissing someone's viewpoint on an issue because they are also inconsistent on that issue.

Referencing someone who has no special knowledge in the area being discussed.

Claiming that an argument is correct because many others agree with it.

Changing or exaggerating an opponent's position to make it easier to refute.

An argument which says "P is true because Q is true, and Q is true because P is true."

Changing the meaning of the word mid-argument.

When someone assumes an answer to a hidden question.

Assumes that course of action inevitably leads from one result to another with unintended consequences.

When someone says that what is true of part of something must also be true of the whole thing.

When someone says that what is true of something as a whole must also be true of each of its parts.

Comparing two items to each other with only minor similarities and/or major differences.

Makes assumption about a class based on a small or poor sample size.

Assumes since A happened before B, A must have caused B.