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Worksheets6.3 Defence Against Infectious Disease
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 12mins
What is thought of as the primary defenses against pathogens in the human body?
Lymphocytes and phagocytes
Antibodies and lymphocytes
The skin and mucous membranes
The circulatory system
If the skin is broken then a blood clot forms to seal this cut.
What is the first step in the process of blood clotting?
Fibrinogen turns into fibrin
Platelets release clotting factors
Fibrinogen is converted into thrombin
Thrombin is converted into prothrombin
What is the effect which thrombin has on the process of blood clotting?
Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin
Prothrombin is converted to thrombin
Platelets are caused to release clotting factors.
Clotting factors are taken up by red blood cells.
Which type of blood cells are capable of ingesting pathogens?
Erythrocytes
Antibodies
Lymphocyte cells
Phagocyte cells
Anitigens on pathogens which have got into the human body can lead to the development of specific immunity.
That is an immunity which responds only to this antigen.
Which of the following cells causes the specific immunity?
Erythrocytes
Platelets
Lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Why do antibiotics have little or no effect on human cells, yet they can cause the death of bacteria?
Antibiotics block prokaryote cell processes, but not the processes in eukaryote cells.
Antibiotics can only affect cells below a certain size.
Human cells have a protective plasma membrane which prokaryote cells don't have.
Antibiotics are made of proteins which cannot pass through the plasma membrane.
There are limits to the effectiveness of antibiotics.
Why is this?
Some bacteria have evolved resistance.
Bacteria are not affected by antibiotics, only viruses.
Only one species of bacteria is affected by a single antibiotic.
Only some types of virus and bacteria are affected by antibiotics, because of the evolution of resistance.
Which of the following best describes the effect of HIV on the immune system.
HIV infection causes a reduction in the number of active blood cells resulting in a high fever.
HIV reduces the number of active lymphocytes limiting the body's ability to produce antibodies.
HIV reduces the number of active erythrocytes limiting the production of antibodies.
HIV reduces the number of phagocytes which in turn limits the production of antibodies.
Florey and Chain shared a Nobel Prize with Alexander Fleming for their work on penicilin.
Which of the following statements best describes their experiment which tested penecillin on mice?
Four mice injected with a bacterial disease and four injected with penicillin to test toxicity and effectiveness.
Two mice injected with penicillin and a bacterial disease to test both toxicity and effectiveness against bacteria.
Toxicity test on two mice, then eight mice injected with a lethal dose of disease bacteria, four of which were also given penicillin to test its effectiveness against bacteria.
Hundreds of mice injected with penicillin and their lives monitored to measure how many of the mice developed infections during their lives.
What is non-specific immunity to disease?
Blocking prokaryotic metabolism with antibiotics
Production of antibodies by lymphocytes
Phagocytosis of pathogens by white blood cells
Production of cloned plasma cells
What is a characteristic of antigens?
They recognize foreign substances
They are produced in bone marrow
They cause disease in humans
They stimulate the production of antibodies
The graph is about defence against infectious disease.
What is likely to be indicated by the letter X?
The increase in lymphocytes following HIV infection
The peak of the infection
The secondary response to a vaccine
The first appearance of AIDS symptoms
Malaria is a common disease in many countries. What type of pathogen is malaria?
Virus
Malaria
Fungus
Protozoa
Which pathogen needs a host cell to reproduce?
Virus
Bacteria
Prion
Fungi
Which pathogen reproduces using binary fission (Asexual Reproduction)?
Bacteria
Virus
Parasite
Fungi
Which best compares bacteria and viruses?
bacteria are smaller than viruses
bacteria have genetic material, but viruses do not
bacteria cause disease, but viruses do not
bacteria are living organisms, but viruses are not
Vaccine given to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections most often contain ________________
Antibodies
White blood cells
Antibiotics
Weakened pathogens
Organisms that cause disease are called __________________.
hosts
pathogens
Phagocytes
Flagellum
Antibiotics affect ...
Viruses
Bacteria
Bacteria and Viruses
Bacteria, Viruses, and Fungi
Which statement is correct for the structure of antibodies?
Antibodies are made up of four polypeptide chains, two heavy and two light chains.
Antibodies are made up of four polysaccharide chains, two heavy and two light chains
Antibodies are made up of two polypeptide chains, one heavy and one light chain.
Antibodies are made up of two polysaccharide chains, one heavy and one light chain.
There is a cascade that occurs when blood clots. Which is not a step in the blood clotting cascade?
Clotting factors cause prothrombin to be converted to thrombin.
Thrombin catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.
Platelets release clotting factors.
Fibrin causes the conversion of thrombin to prothrombin.
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global issue, and results in 300 000 avoidable deaths per year in developed countries alone. Which of the measures below could slow down the spread of resistance?
Doctors could prescribe antibiotics only for diagnosed bacterial infections.
Hospitals could use a mix of antibiotics to quickly eliminate the most dangerous diseases.
Farmers could use more antibiotics in animal feeds to eliminate diseases that could be transmitted to humans.
Patients could use a different antibiotic each time they suffer from a bacterial infection.
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that are released and break down pathogens ingested during phagocytosis?
Ribosome
Golgi body
Lysosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which type of cells show decreased numbers in a person infected with the HIV virus?
Red Blood Cells
Helper T-cells
Platelets
Phagocytes
What is the function of the sebaceous glands in the skin?
Secrete sebum which is a fluid containing antibiotics.
Secrete sebum which lowers pH and maintains skin moisture.
Secrete sebum which contains white blood cells.
Secrete sebum that increases pH and maintains skin moisture.
