Spain

Portugal

Russia

Netherlands

The slave trade ended.

Slavery was declared unconstitutional.

Only slavery states were admitted into the Union.

Political power was balanced between slave and free states.

The conquest of Mexican territory

The purchase of Louisiana from France

The cession of Florida territory from Spain

The land received as a result of the War of 1812

fighting of a civil war

growing urbanization

changing settlement patterns

increasing need for governmental control

Election of a state governor

A population of 60,000 people

An established form of currency

Appointment of the first postmaster

Many settlers moved west to start a new life.

Many farmers switched from food crops to cash crops.

Many businesses expanded and added new employees.

Many women demanded equality and the right to vote.

American Indians were forced to relocate.

American Indians were granted U.S. citizenship.

White settlers were encouraged to abandon American Indian lands.

White settlers were ordered to avoid contact with American Indians.

West of the Mississippi River

Southeastern portion of the United States

Along the Canadian border with the United States

West of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River

popular sovereignty

Monroe Doctrine

Manifest Destiny

spoils system

1789

1803

1903

1812

mild climate conditions

a system of navigable rivers

access to mountains with minerals

a demand for agricultural products

a population boom related to the California gold rush

a series of terrible winters across the Rocky Mountains

a transcontinental railroad linking the East with the West

a threat of raids along the border of New Mexico Territory

to acquire cheap land

to obtain voting rights

to gain religious converts

to escape indentured servitude

migrating westward

suing in federal court

converting new immigrants

conducting worship in secret

investing the initial money to fund the trip

acting as a translator and guide for the group

journaling the adventures for newspaper articles

constructing most river ships from local materials

Seaports

Railroads

Plantations

Coastal cities

the United States doubled in size

Congress passed the Naturalization Act

the Transcontinental Railroad was completed

Great Britain declared war on the United States

creation of a national park system

expansion of economic opportunities

disruption of natural wildlife habitats

devastation of American Indian culture

Alaska along the Bering Sea

California along the Pacific Ocean

Texas along the Rio Grande River

The Great Plains along the Mississippi River