New emphasis on instrumental music and instrumental accompaniment to voices.

This heightened emotional state called affect.

One main theme repeated over and over.

Beat is emphasized; lots of forward motion.

A musical texture of a single melodic line with a voice and accompaniment moving together rhythmically

It is a musical composition that contains different movements with solo arias, recitatives, and choruses with orchestral accompaniment.

Its tunes were adapted from folksongs, Catholic hymn, and popular tunes of the period written in German text so that the congregation can actively sign in the services.

One of the component of opera, it follows the natural rhythm, accent, and intonation of the text and it oftentimes prelude an aria.

Contrary to an opera, it is performed without costumes, scenery and acting.