It observes the culture and society which conceives a certain work of literature as well as their influences to the text and considers significant information as regards the author, political events, social customs, philosophy, and other special circumstances.

(a)  

This theory believes in the idea that the ultimate source of meaning is the author. Also, the work can be an extension or expression of the writer’s aspirations, feelings, inspiration and imagination.

(a)  

It believes that every piece of literature must work in unity and should exhibit a unified meaning. Meaning that is obtain by analyzing the parts to form the whole work.

(a)  

This theory adheres to the idea proposed by Aristotle that views literature as an imitation or reflection of the real or ideal world.

(a)  

It acknowledges the fact that literature to produce or to create a particular impact or emotion as an effect to its readers.

(a)  

It focuses on how does gender affect a writer, a work of literature, and a reader. Also, examines the status and portrayal of men and women in the text.

(a)  

It indicates that a literary work is a manifestation of the author’s neuroses and the characters are assumed as projections of his psyche.

(a)  

It assumes a larger purpose in literature which is to present values to be acquired. Readers ask the essential question, “What do we learn about life from reading this work?”.

(a)  

It sees literature as driven by ideologies of the lead social class. Also, considers the use of literature to challenge class oppression.

(a)