process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

one of a family proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis.

The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins.

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.

cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells

one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome

unspecialized cells that are able to develop into many different cell types

structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

A form of asexual reproduction in which plants produce genetically identical offshoots (clones) of themselves, which then develop into independent plants.

Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)