NEW
Font size
Worksheets7th Early Modern Europe
Total questions: 47
Worksheet time: 24mins
The sale of indulgences began during the Crusades in the 12th and 13th centuries. Because Crusaders risked dying far from home without a priest to administer last rites, they were promised salvation if they died while fighting to free the Christian holy city at Jerusalem from Islamic control. Church leaders said that “good works” earned salvation and making Jerusalem accessible to Christians was an example of a good work. Over time, church leaders decided that paying money to support good works was an acceptable substitute for performing good works, and it made salvation possible for people who were physically unable to fight in a Crusade.
What was Martin Luther's response to the doctrine of "good works" described in the passage?
Luther accepted the idea of good works but rejected indulgences.
Luther called for more opportunities for good works.
Luther thought that good works could be a path to salvation.
Luther said that faith alone could grant salvation, not good works.
During the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther believed the true beliefs of Christianity could be found
through the infallible Pope.
in the traditions of the church.
through the church's teachers.
in the Holy Bible itself.
By the 16th century, the Roman Catholic Church was charging people numerous fees, dues, taxes, tithes, and payments to support clergymen and to fund building projects. What would happen to people who refused or were unable to pay these fees to the church?
They would be sentenced to prison.
The church would refuse them the sacraments.
The church would take their personal property.
They would lose their citizenship.
Martin Luther most likely started the Protestant Reformation in response to
the iconography debate.
the buying and selling of indulgences.
the Faith Alone doctrine.
the Church's policy on divorce.
Which of the following societal changes was an immediate result of the invention of the printing press?
Educating young children became popular across Europe.
Europeans attending theater doubled in the 16th century.
The Catholic Church challenged the work of Galileo Galilei.
The standardization of Modern English writing rules began.
For over 1000 years, Latin was the official language of Catholic Church. When Bibles became available in many different languages,
the Catholic Church began to lose power in European countries.
the Catholic Church began a crusade into Muslim nations.
the Catholic Church started schools in many European countries.
the Catholic Church made Italian its official language.
15th and 16th Century Changes in SocietyThe Bible is translated into many new languages.The Protestant Reformation spreads throughout Europe.The number of literate and educated people increases.The practice of medicine becomes more standardized.
Which of the following explains a contributing cause shared by all of these events?
Nicholas Copernicus proposed that the Earth orbits the Sun in 1514.
Christopher Columbus sailed to San Salvador Island in the Bahamas in 1492.
Joan of Arc joined the Siege of Orleans in 1429.
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1439.
King Henry VIII of England broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in the early 1500s. He refused to recognize the pope's authority and formed his own church. His actions were a part of which event taking place in mainland Europe at the same time?
the Protestant Reformation
the Scientific Revolution
the Italian Renaissance
the Great Schism
John Calvin was a minister and an author during the Reformation. He believed in predestination. This belief means that
people must do good works to get into heaven.
God has already decided which people will get into heaven.
God will allow most people to get into heaven.
people must follow certain teachings to get into heaven.
One of the Jesuits main goals during the Counter-Reformation was to
control the construction of new churches in Rome.
reform the basic principles of the Catholic Church.
control the election of new popes in Rome.
advance the teachings of the Catholic Church.
• Came to the throne in 1553
• Restored England to Catholicism and burned a number of Protestants at the stake for heresy
•Went to war with France and lost the port of Calais, the last English land holding on continental Europe
The list above describes
Mary I.
Henry VIII.
Edward VI.
Elizabeth I.
What was the significance of the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588?
The English became the only naval power in Europe.
The English gained a great deal of territory in Spain.
England proved itself as a great power in Europe.
England took over Spanish colonies in the New World.
Who came to the throne after Henry VIII died?
James I
Mary I
Elizabeth I
Edward VI
What was one major cause of Henry VIII's decision to break with the Catholic Church and divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon?
Henry believed that Catherine was plotting to have him overthrown.
Henry had been forced to marry Catherine by his father and some Church officials.
Henry had never been very religious, and Catherine was a devout Catholic.
Henry wanted a male heir, and Catherine had only given him a daughter.
The Tudor Dynasty of England was established immediately following the end of
The Reformation
The War of the Roses
The Hundred Years War
The Crusades
• Scholar who was educated at Oxford
• First person to translate the Bible into English
• Influenced the Reformation in England
This list above describes
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Desiderius Erasmus.
William Tyndale
Elizabeth I reigned as the queen of England from 1558 until 1603. Which of the following was one of the unique aspects of her reign?
She refused to marry and retained power as a monarch.
She expanded the rights of citizens by establishing the English Bill of Rights.
She was the longest reigning English monarch in history.
She was the first English ruler to break from the Roman Catholic Church.
The Catholic Church was challenged on its teachings regarding penance (repentance of sin), indulgences (removal of guilt), and the authority of the pope. This led to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation when Martin Luther posted which of these documents on the doors of Castle Church in defiance of Rome?
on the Papacy in Rome
work on the Psalms
sermon on Good Works
the 95 Theses
Martin Luther’s opposition to the authority of the pope and his questioning of the doctrine of salvation were considered heresy. On which of these issues did Luther agree with the Catholic Church?
the pope’s claim to political power
the number of holy days
belief in Transubstantiation
the sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist
Referring to the map above, which of these statements is true regarding the religious divisions in Europe after the Reformation?
Protestant Europe is the area shaded in green.
There were more Protestants in southern Europe than in northern Europe.
There was no overlap of Catholic and Protestant believers.
Catholic Europe is the area shaded in green.
During the Reformation, Lutheranism took a firm hold in Germany (the Holy Roman Empire), especially in the northern and eastern areas. Referring to the map, in which other countries did Lutheranism become the main religion?
France and Scotland
Norway and Sweden
England and Ireland
Spain and Portugal
Spain had colonies in Central and South America. Portugal colonized Brazil and France colonized Louisiana and Quebec. Which religious beliefs, based on the map above, are predominant in those areas today?
Catholicism
Anglicanism
Protestantism
Eastern Orthodoxy
The desire of King Henry VIII to do which of the following led to the founding of the Church of England?
create a theocracy
end his marriage
punish the pope
practice Protestantism
What was the purpose of the Council of Trent?
to redefine the practices and doctrines of the Catholic Church
to begin reforming the newly created Protestant religions
to attempt to abolish the growing Protestant religions
to establish new schools that would teach church obedience
What is the main idea behind the separation of church and state?
The government does not have the right to prosecute followers of Protestant religions.
The government cannot dictate what religion is practiced by its people.
Each country has the right to determine for itself if it will have a national religion.
Each country, by law, has to declare one form of religion as the national religion.
• Founded a Roman Catholic religious order known as the Jesuits
• Made a Catholic saint on March 12, 1622 by Pope Gregory XV
• Fought against the Protestant Reformation
Who is described above?
Ignatius of Loyola
Joan of Arc
Pope John Paul II
Mother Theresa
Geocentric theory: the sun, moon, and planets revolve around the earth
Heliocentric theory: the earth, moon, and planets revolve around the sun
Which of the following BEST supports the Geocentric theory?
Aristotle's teachings about planetary motion
Newton's theory of gravitational force
Kepler's rules on the elliptical motions of the planets
Copernicus' idea that the Earth itself turns on an axis
In 1687, Isaac Newton published a book explaining his three laws of planetary motion and the law of gravity. The importance of these discoveries was his general theory that
astronomical objects cannot be described using math.
all of nature follows uniform, unchanging laws.
the behavior of nature is basically unpredictable.
nature consists of unpredictable acts of deities.
In Renaissance Italy, art was paid for by a system of patronage. Typically a wealthy patron (customer) would ask an artist for a particular work on a particular subject, and then pay the artist until the work was completed. Sometimes patrons would have the artist move into their home and pay them for a series of works.
Based on the passage, what conclusion can be drawn about the art of the Renaissance?
It was designed to appeal to wealthy members of society.
It was designed to appeal to all members of society.
Artists had absolute freedom when creating art works.
Patrons spent very little on their artists or their work.
William Shakespeare embraced Renaissance values as a playwright by
portraying kings and princes in a favorable way.
using his knowledge of Greek and Roman classical texts.
using a simple, two-dimensional writing style.
avoiding writing about Roman Catholic characters or rituals.
Before the Renaissance, an early advocate of the study of classical texts was
Saint Francis of Assisi.
Saint Thomas Aquinas.
William Wycliffe.
Hildegard of Bingen.
The Renaissance-era rebirth of interest in the Greek and Roman classical texts was at the center of an intellectual movement known as
transcendentalism.
humanism.
rebirth
perspective
From the trade fairs in France, Germany, and Holland, river and land trade routes carried goods such as wool, wheat, and precious metals into the region. The widespread trade that stretched from Egypt to the Baltic created large financial surpluses that allowed big investments in mining and agriculture.
What region is being described in this passage?
southern Spain
sub-Saharan Africa
northern England
northern Italy
Renaissance scholars recovered lost Greek texts, which had been preserved by Arab scholars
Byzantine scholars migrated to Italy during and following the Ottoman conquest of the Byzantines
Renaissance style came from Italy to Hungary after the development of early Hungarian-Italian commercial relationships
Renaissance ideas were moving north from Italy, and there was also a southward spread of some new ideas
What conclusion can be drawn from the list above?
Culture and knowledge spread along Italian trade routes in the Mediterranean and beyond.
The influence of the Renaissance was mostly limited to the Italian peninsula.
The furthest extent of the spread of Renaissance ideas was the Mediterranean basin.
Renaissance culture and knowledge originated on the Italian peninsula.
During the Renaissance, the position of the Italian peninsula near the Eastern Mediterranean encouraged trade with
the Safavid Empire.
the Russian Empire.
the Songhai Empire.
the Ottoman Empire.
Renaissance humanism greatly influenced the Scientific Revolution. It held that beliefs based upon what a person observed and experienced were more valid than beliefs based upon
pagan philosophy.
a person’s nature.
the dignity of man.
religious teachings.
The beginning of modern astronomy can be traced back to Nicolaus Copernicus and his book, On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. What theory did Copernicus promote in this book, which was in conflict with the teachings of the Catholic Church?
The center of the universe is far beyond the stars.
The Earth’s wobble on its axis produced seasonal changes.
Planets rotated on mini-orbits around the Earth.
The Earth was not the center of the universe.
Galileo is known as the “father of science” because
he performed experiments and analyzed the results mathematically.
he determined the planets traveled in elliptical orbits.
he developed an early evolutionary theory of how life began.
he invented the telescope to view the planets and stars.
The image above shows the retrograde (backward) motion of Mars as observed from Earth by the astronomer who discovered it. Knowing the orbits of Earth and Mars were important in the discovery of the three laws of planetary motion. Which of these mathematician/astronomers used observation and deductive reasoning to discover these laws?
Galileo Galilei
Johannes Kepler
Sir Isaac Newton
Tycho Brahe
One of the results of the inventions of the microscope and telescope is that it expanded the world as people knew it. Distant stars and microscopic organisms previously unseen and unknown provided a wealth of knowledge to scholars. Which of these statements is true regarding these two inventions?
Galileo made important improvements to both instruments.
Lenses in microscopes and telescopes can form perfect images.
Telescopic lenses, found in Greece, date back 2000 years.
Image resolution has advanced as far as it can ever go.
Francis Bacon was an early proponent of the scientific method and promoted the Baconian Method, a methodology for scientific inquiry. It states
inherent forms only exist in conjunction with matter.
that the idea is the permanent reality that makes a thing what it is.
one should be able to deduce by inductive reasoning the real nature of things.
that the spiritual world has subsistent forms separate from the material world.
[t]he more discordant, therefore, and incredible, the divine mystery is, the more honor is shown to God in believing it, and the nobler is the victory of faith. —Francis Bacon De augmentis scientiarum
Bacon separated philosophy from religion. Which of these statements explains his beliefs on both philosophy and religion?
Philosophy based on reason and religion based on faith can coexist.
Without religious faith, philosophic reasoning cannot be understood.
Without philosophic reasoning, there is no need for religion.
Philosophy is based on reason and cannot coexist with religion.
During the Renaissance, a new intellectual movement known as humanism evolved. What was the significance of the humanist movement?
Humanists spread the teachings of Eastern philosophers such as Confucius throughout Europe.
Humanists were very interested in religious studies and sought to increase the influence of the Church.
Humanists felt formal education was impractical and unnecessary; therefore, many schools were closed.
Humanists were inspired by classical texts and emphasized the dignity and worth of the individual.
The phrase "Renaissance Man" has been used to describe Leonardo da Vinci. Why is this phrase used to describe Leonardo da Vinci?
Leonardo da Vinci was the first person born during the Renaissance.
Leonardo da Vinci started a university and taught many famous artists.
Leonardo da Vinci was an outspoken critic of the new ideas developed during the Renaissance.
Leonardo da Vinci had a wide knowledge of many subjects and had diverse talents.
• La Pietà • David • The Last Judgment • the Sistine Chapel ceiling
Which Renaissance artist created the works listed above?
Leonardo da Vinci
Raphael
Dante
Michelangelo
Which of the following statements describes the type of government which existed in Florence during the Renaissance?
It was completely under the control of the Catholic Church.
It was a city-state ruled by the wealthy Medici family.
It was the capital of Italy and had a large bureaucracy.
It was a small Italian town ruled by the king of Italy in Rome.
• major trading and cultural center in northern Italy • played an important role in the expansion of banking in Europe • considered to be the birthplace of the Renaissance
Which city is described above?
Constantinople
Vienna
Naples
Florence
