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Fossil Record and Evolutionary History

Total questions: 13

Worksheet time: 22mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is a vestigial structure?

a)

A structure found on an organism which is no longer useful but shows the links between common ancestors.

b)

Structures which evolved independently based on selective pressures.

c)

Structures that organisms have in common, such as fur on cats and dogs.

d)

Structures that organisms inherit that increase their fitness for the environment in which they live.

2.

What is a homologous structure?

a)

Structures that unrelated species have in common. These structures evolved independently based on similar selective pressures. e.g. the wings on bats and butterflies.

b)

Structures in different species which are similar because they share common ancestors. e.g. the forelimbs of humans and primates.

c)

Structures which have no purpose any more but species still have them as traces of previous adaptations. e.g. tailbones on humans.

d)

Structure which exists only in one species found on Earth.

3.

What is an analogous structure?

a)

Structures that unrelated species have in common. These structures evolved independently based on similar selective pressures. e.g. the wings on bats and butterflies.

b)

Structures in different species which are similar because they share common ancestors. e.g. the forelimbs of humans and primates.

c)

Structures which have no purpose any more but species still have them as traces of previous adaptations. e.g tailbones on humans.

d)

Structure which exists only in one species found on Earth.

4.

What is radioactive dating?

a)

Toxic relationships.

b)

A change in the DNA of organisms over time.

c)

A technique used to determine the age of a fossil, by calculating the number of half-lives that have occurred.

d)

Evidence of past volcanic eruptions.

5.

True or False: Phylogenetic trees and Cladograms are diagrams which illustrate the same information.

a)

True

b)

False

6.

It is accepted in the scientific community that whales evolved from land mammals. How would fossils provide evidence of this?

a)

Fossils show that fish evolved into sharks.

b)

Fossils show that sharks evolved into whales.

c)

Fossils show that land mammals learned to swim.

d)

Fossils show forelimbs adapting to fins, nostrils moving from the front of the head to the top, and hindlimbs becoming shorter.

7.

Which rock layer is newest in an undisturbed strata of sedimentary rock?

a)

the middle layer

b)

the top layer

c)

the bottom layer

d)

they're all the same age

8.

Which law states that in layers of sedimentary rock, the top layer and the fossils contained within it are youngest, and the bottom layer and the fossils contained within it are the oldest?

a)

Law of Antiquity

b)

Law of Gravity

c)

Law of Geology

d)

Law of Superposition

9.

Which is an example of analogous structures?

a)

bird wings and insect wings.

b)

goose wings and duck wings.

c)

whale fins and dolphin fins.

d)

human legs and chimpanzee legs.

10.

Using the diagram, place the fossils in order of appearance from oldest to newest.

a)

Trilobite, Bivalve, Gastropod, Ammonite

b)

Ammonite, Gastropod, Bivalve, Trilobite

c)

Bivalve, Trilobite, Ammonite, Gastropod

d)

They all evolved at about the same time.

11.

Which is an example of homologous structures?

a)

human legs and chimpanzee legs

b)

bird wings and moth wings

c)

shark fins and penguin fins

d)

platypus eggs and duck eggs

12.

True or false: Evolution is purposeful and has an end-game or final form.

a)

True

b)

False

13.

What questions would you like to ask about evolution? What do you wonder about or what are you confused about? We will talk about your answers in class.

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