The nurse caring for a 150 pound male admitted for urinary tract infection notes the following findings:

-serum lactate 4.2 mmol/L

-creatinine 1.82

-metabolic acidosis per ABG

-blood pressure 83/42 per arterial pressure monitor

-diffuse edema

-urine output 40 mL/hour for the prior 2 hours

What stage of shock is consistent with these findings?

What occurs during the refractory stage of shock?

•What are the benefits of maintaining glucose levels between 140 to 180 mg/dL, with a goal of 150 mg/dL, in the critically ill patient? Select all that apply.

Which kind of shock occurs from inadequate fluid volume in the intravascular space?

Septic shock is caused by which source?

Which of the following patients meets the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome?

Which laboratory value provides information regarding the severity of impaired perfusion and helps determine the adequacy of therapies in the patient with septic shock and multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)?

A patient is in shock and is hypotensive. A vasoconstrictor is recommended to increase afterload and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Which of the following medications is most appropriate?

A patient complains of a sudden onset of itching and hives along with shortness of breath after initiation of an antibiotic infusion. You hear audible wheezing. Which one of the following is the most likely explanation?

Which therapy is included in the sepsis and septic shock management guidelines?

Class II hypovolemia is considered a 15% to 30% fluid volume loss. Falling cardiac output activates what compensatory response?

What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock?

management of the patient with multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) includes decreasing oxygen demand with administration of which therapy?

What is a major consequence of hematologic dysfunction during shock?