When the load is transported up the shore by the force of the incoming waves.

When the load is transported back down the shore when it is pulled by the retreating waves.

Certain rocks, such as limestone, are dissolved by water.

Stones carried by the waves hit off each other. Over time they are worn down and smoothed.

A gently sloping area of sand, shingle or stones that is found between high and low tide levels. It is formed by the swash and backwash movements of the waves.

The process by which the load is transported along the shore.

Mounds of sand that build up on the shore beyond the high-tide mark at the back of the beach.

The power of water as it crashes against the coast.

Built to break the power of the incoming waves. They are curved at the top to push the waves back to sea.

Concrete or wooden walls or fences that are built out into the sea at right angles to the coast. The work to reduce longshore drift by trapping the sediments carried by the waves.

Air in rocks becomes trapped by the incoming waves. The rapped air puts pressure on the rocks. When the water retreats, the air expands and the pressure drops. This repeated compression and release causes the rock to shatter.

A passage that goes through the roof of a cave to the land surface above. It is formed when powerful waves compress air that breaks a hole through the roof of the cave.

Formed on coastlines where an area of soft rock is eroded more quickly than the hard rock in the headland.

A narrow ridge of sand or shingle that is connected to the land on one end and juts out to seat at the other.

A narrow ridge of sand or shingle that seals off the mouth of a bar.

A narrow ridge of sand or shingle that joins an offshore island to the mainland.

Steel wire cages filled with stones. They are then stacked on top of each other where they act like a sea wall. They are used to slow down or prevent erosion by breaking the power of the waves.