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WorksheetsTransformation in Bacteria
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 17mins
What is recombinant DNA
DNA from 2 different organisms combined
DNA from 2 different ribosomes
DNA that is separated out from a vector
Which of the following could be used as a vector for a human gene?
Bacterial Plasmid
Bacteria
A mitochondria
mRNA
A circular piece of DNA, found in bacteria, is called:
A plasmid
mRNA
Ribosome
Nucleotide
The transfer of genes from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is known as
Recombination
Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation
The transfer of naked DNA from one cell to another is referred to as
Transduction
Lysogeny
Transformation
Conjugation
What is competency for a cell?
The insertion of a formed plasmid into the cell.
The chemical process of switching the gene.
Super coiled molecules formed in the plasmid of the cell.
Change in the structure and permeability of the cell membrane.
How might a plasmid contribute to a selective advantage for a bacterial cell?
Make the cell competent.
Could provide a selective advantage for that cell.
Make the cell wall stronger.
Does not contribute
What is transformation?
The use of viruses to transform or genetically
engineer cells.
The measure of how well cells are transformed in a new phenotype.
The insertion of a foreign plasmid into a bacterial cell which results in new acquired traits.
Genetic engineering or transformation of mammalian cells.
Cells are made competent by;
The incubation of the bacteria at 95C
A process that uses calcium chloride.
A process that uses GFP
A process that uses polymerases
Heat shock
Trap the plasmids inside the cell.
Enlarges the pores of the cell.
Provides for the death of the cell.
Increases the disintegration of the cell wall.
The exogenous DNA used in bacterial transformation can be,
mRNA molecule
rDNA
engineered plasmid
red fluorescent protein
LB containing ampicillin (2nd plate) is inoculated with the E. coli bacteria that contains ampicillin resistant gene. The bacteria will;
Grow on the agar plate
Will not grow on the agar plate.
will only grow after the plate has been incubated at 45C
will only grow after the plate has been placed in a warm water bath for 2 minutes.
Which of the following statement is true concerning transformation;
Bacterial transformation involves the transfer of genetic material that results in the acquisition of a new trait that is stable but not inheritable.
There are no bacterial species that go thru the transformation process naturally.
Transformation efficiencies are a way to determine how many cells were transformed per microgram of plasmid DNA used.
The promoter is the region at the end of the gene .
What is the purpose of the Luria broth (LB) when performing genetic transformation?
Provides resistance to antibiotics
Provides nutrients needed for bacteria growth
Stabilizes the plasmid being given to the host organism
Sterilizes the instruments
A "-ampR" cell
has the ampR gene in it's plasmid and is resistant to ampicillin
does not have the ampR gene in it's plasmid and is resistant to ampicillin
has the ampR gene in it's plasmid and is not resistant to ampicillin
does not have the ampR gene in it's plasmid and is not resistant to ampicillin
What process increases the competency of cells?
calcium chloride and an ice bath
calcium chloride and heat shock
Luria broth (LB) and an ice bath
Luria broth (LB) and heat shock
Why are cells incubated at 42o C?
At 42o C, bacterial cells begin releasing DNA for other cells to take up
This is a good recovery temperature after heat shock
At 42o C, the membranes of bacterial cells begin to degrade, creating pores through which DNA can enter the cell
Ampicillin (antibiotic) is used in the plates to
isolate and select for only the bacteria that have been successfully transformed
give bacteria energy to grow
act as a trigger to turn on the expression of the gene of interest
give the bacteria a new trait (such as fluorescence or insulin production)
Arabinose is used in the plates to
isolate and select for only the bacteria that have been successfully transformed
give bacteria energy to grow
act as a trigger to turn on the expression of the gene of interest
give the bacteria a new trait (such as fluorescence or insulin production)
What is the difference between a plasmid and a chromosome?
Chromosomes contain circular and linear DNA.
Chromosomes are covered with proteins and contain circular DNA.
Plasmids are covered with protein and contain circular.DNA.
Chromosomes are covered with proteins contain linear DNA
LB containing ampicillin (2nd plate) is inoculated with the E. coli bacteria that contains ampicillin resistant gene. The bacteria will;
Grow on the agar plate
Will not grow on the agar plate.
will only grow after the plate has been incubated at 45C
will only grow after the plate has been placed in a warm water bath for 2 minutes.
Which one of these agar plates would there be no bacteria growth?
+pGLO LB/amp
+pGLO LB/amp/ara
-pGLO LB/amp
-pGLO LB
What is the purpose of the changes in extreme temperatures?
Kill off the low fitness e. coli
Increase Permability of the membrane
Decrease Permeability of the membrane
allow bineary fission to occur easier
What is a selectable marker?
a specific mark on bacteria that makes it resistant to antibiotics.
a specific gene that makes bacteria change it's shape.
a mark that shows that bacteria has BECOME resistant to antibiotics.
a gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid from those that don't.
Bacteria that did not receive a plasmid are put on an LB plate that does NOT contain ampicillin. What do you expect to happen?
The bacteria will create a lawn
A few individual colonies will be seen
The bacteria will not grow
A scientist is using an ampicillin-sensitive strain of bacteria that cannot use lactose because it has a nonfunctional gene in the lac operon. She has two plasmids. One contains a functional copy of the affected gene of the lac operon, and the other contains the gene for ampicillin resistance. Using restriction enzymes and DNA ligase, she forms a recombinant plasmid containing both genes. She then adds a high concentration of the plasmid to a tube of the bacteria in a medium for bacterial growth that contains glucose as the only energy source. This tube (+) and a control tube (-) with similar bacteria but no plasmid are both incubated under the appropriate conditions for growth and plasmid uptake. The scientist then spreads a sample of each bacterial culture (+ and -) on each of the three types of plates indicated below.
If no new mutations occur, it would be most reasonable to expect bacterial growth on which of the following plates?
1 and 2 only
3 and 4 only
5 and 6 only
1,2,3, and 4 only
