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Worksheets8th Grade Review
Total questions: 161
Worksheet time: 1hrs 24mins
This chart shows the three legs of the triangular trade system.
The second leg is also known by what name?
Columbian Exchange
headright system
Middle Passage
salutary neglect
What was the significance of the First Great Awakening?
It caused many believers to question their faith and return to their Puritan roots.
It led to the growth of new Protestant denominations like Baptist and Methodist.
It made many colonists turn against Native Americans who they believed to be ungodly.
It encouraged people to focus on reason instead of religious tolerance.
This is an account of the Battles of Lexington and Concord that took place on April 25,
1775.
At 2 o’clock we began our march by wading through a very long stream up to our middles. About 5 miles away from a town called Lexington, we heard there were some hundreds of [colonists] collected together intending to oppose us. At 5 o’clock we arrived there and saw a number of people, I believe between 200 and 300, formed in a common in the middle of the town. We still continued advancing, prepared for an attack though without intending to attack them. As we came near them, they fired one or two shots, upon which our men without any orders, fired
and put them to flight.
Which individual most likely wrote this account?
a British soldier
a member of the Committee of Correspondence
a member of the Sons of Liberty
a Patriot
This is a drawing of colonists participating in an activity in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
What impact did the activity in this drawing have on the development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
It provided a gathering place for colonists wishing to return to England and guided those colonists through each step of the process.
It allowed colonists to participate in local government, giving them a place to voice their opinions on public issues.
It offered colonists the chance to meet church leaders and listen to sermons explaining how those leaders were governing the colony.
It established a local court system, giving colonists a place to accuse and prosecute anyone thought to be supporting local Native American tribes.
This is a drawing of an event that took place in 1773.
How did Great Britain respond to this event?
It issued the Intolerable (Coercive) Acts.
It repealed the Stamp Act.
It repealed the Tea Act.
It issued the Townshend Acts.
This map shows the locations of several battles fought during the American Revolution.
Which number correctly identifies the location of the Battle of Kings Mountain?
1
2
3
4
This is a quote from Thomas Paine’s Common Sense.
A government of our own is our natural right: And when a man seriously reflects on the uncertainty of human affairs, he will become convinced, that it is infinitely wiser and safer, to form a constitution of our own in a cool deliberate manner, while we have it in our power, than to trust such an interesting event to time and chance.
On which Enlightenment thinker did Paine base his ideas?
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which religion led William Penn to found Pennsylvania as a religious haven?
Anglican
Catholic
Puritan
Quaker
Why was farming difficult for New England colonists?
Select two that apply.
Winters were long and cold.
The soil was rocky and sandy.
The growing season was too long.
There was too much rain.
There was too much rain.
After the French and Indian War, how did the Treaty of Paris of 1763 impact colonial power in North America?
It returned lands previously taken by Europeans back to Native Americans.
It gave Great Britain control of the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys.
It made Spain the European nation with the least number of American colonies.
It pushed France out of central North America and into present-day Canada.
In colonial America, town hall meetings and the House of Burgesses were evidence of what development?
the creation of the plantation system
the need for mercantilist policies
the creation of representative government
the need for religious toleration
This is a map of North America during the Age of Exploration.
Which number correctly identifies the region claimed by Spain?
1
2
3
4
This is a quote from a letter written by William Penn in 1681.
Now I would have you well observe, that I am very sensible of the unkindness and injustice that has been too much exercised towards you by the people of these parts of the world, who have sought to make great advantages by you, sometimes to the shedding of blood. But I am not such a man. I have great love and regard toward you, and I desire to win and gain your love and friendship by a kind, just, and peaceable life.
Which group was most likely the audience for this letter?
indentured servants
Native Americans
Puritans
women
This is a map of the original Thirteen Colonies.
Which number correctly identifies a colony that used shipbuilding as its main economic activity?
1
2
3
4
Which revolutionary event did Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott influence?
Battles of Trenton and Princeton
Boston Massacre
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Boston Tea Party
Which American Revolution battle resulted in a military alliance between the United States and France?
Princeton
Saratoga
Trenton
Yorktown
This quote describes an event that took place in the autumn of 1621 in Plymouth,Massachusetts.
Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men [hunting], that we might after a special manner rejoice together, after we had gathered the fruits of our labors...we exercised our arms, many of the Indians coming amongst us, and amongst the rest their greatest king Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted.
What is the significance of this event?
Settlers served a meal to celebrate local Native Americans converting to Christianity.
Native Americans and settlers shared a meal to mark the end of brutal hostilities between
their communities.
Native Americans served a meal to settlers as a welcome to the New World.
Settlers shared a meal with Native Americans as thanks for helping them survive the rough winter.
Which colony was founded with the main purpose of expanding the fur trade?
Massachusetts
New York
Rhode Island
South Carolina
What did Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson have in common?
Both were considered dissenters by Puritan leaders in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and were banished for their ideas about religious toleration.
Both were found guilty of witchcraft during the Salem Witch Trials and were burned at the stake.
Both were Puritan leaders who supported theocratic rule of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and were praised for combining church and state.
Both were kidnapped by Native Americans during the Pequot War and were ransomed by church leaders.
Why did African enslavement become the main source of labor in southern colonies?
Fewer indentured servants were coming from England.
Native Americans refused to work with colonists.
English workers asked for too much money.
Cash crop farming required a large labor force.
This political cartoon first appeared in the Philadelphia Gazette on
May 9, 1754.
What was an immediate result of this cartoon’s publication?
Colonists declared their independence from Great Britain.
Great Britain declared the colonies in open rebellion and instituted martial law.
Colonists began to see themselves as a group of colonies separate from Great Britain.
Great Britain gave colonists representation in Parliament.
The Navigation Acts passed by Parliament in the 1600s supported what economic policy?
capitalism
mercantilism
salutary neglect
triangular trade
This is a quote from a founding document.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to affect their safety and happiness.
This quote was justification for what action?
declaring independence from Great Britain
ending the American Revolution
entering an alliance with France
participating in the Boston Tea Party
This is a quote from a sermon given by Thomas Hooker on May 31, 1638.
"The foundation of authority is laid firstly in the free consent of people."
This quote supported which concept?
absolute monarchy
self-government
theocracy
tyranny
This is a painting of an event that took place in 1770.
What were the colonists in this painting protesting?
Select 2 that apply.
British Occupation of Boston
Boston Tea Party
Proclamation Line of 1763
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Townshend Acts
This is a quote from James Oglethorpe in 1737.
"In America there are fertile lands sufficient to support all the useless poor in England, and distressed Protestants in Europe."
Which colony was founded to “support all the useless poor”?
Connecticut
Georgia
Maryland
Virginia
This is a list of economic ideas from colonial times.
Which is the best title for this list?
Reasons Why Great Britain Repealed the Stamp Act
Reasons Why Great Britain Practiced Salutary Neglect
Reasons Why Great Britain Issued the Navigation Acts
Reasons Why Great Britain Created Triangular Trade
This graph shows casualties from the Battle of Bunker (Breed’s) Hill during the American Revolution.
Based on this graph, what was the significance of the Battle of Bunker (Breed’s) Hill?
It demonstrated that the inexperienced American soldiers could overcome an experienced British military.
It made it clear that the Americans would need help from other nations to defeat the British military.
It showed the British that war with the Americans would be quick and easy.
It convinced the Americans that fighting the British would be tough and costly.
Which statement best describes the impact of the Proclamation of 1763 on the tensions between Great Britain and its colonies?
Tensions grew because colonists saw the law as supporting the rights of Loyalists to own western lands.
Tensions increased because colonists believed that by fighting in the French and Indian War, they earned the right to expand westward.
Tensions decreased because colonists were focused on expanding into northern and southern territories.
Tensions eased because colonists recognized that by passing the law, Great Britain was protecting them from Native American attacks.
This chart lists problems of one early European settlement in North America.
Whose leadership saved the European settlement described in this chart from failure?
William Bradford
John Rolfe
John Smith
Roger Williams
This is an excerpt from an order given by Governor Thomas Gage to a British military commander stationed outside of Boston in April 1775.
Having received intelligence that a quantity of ammunition, provision, artillery, tents, and small arms have been collected for the vowed purpose of raising and supporting a rebellion against His Majesty, you will march with the Corps of Grenadiers and Light Infantry put under your command with the utmost expedition and secrecy. You will seize and destroy all artillery, ammunition, provisions, tents, small arms, and all military stores. But you will take care that the soldiers do not plunder the inhabitants, or hurt private property. You have a [map], on which is marked the
houses, barns, etc. which contain the above military stores. You will [destroy each gun]. The powder...must be shook out of the barrels into river, the tents burned, pork or beef destroyed in the best way you can devise. And the men may...[throw balls of lead] into ponds, ditches, etc., but no quantity together, [to prevent them from being] recovered afterwards. If you meet any brass artillery, you will order
their muzzles to be beat in so as to render them useless.
What was the ultimate outcome of the event discussed in this excerpt?
The Americans found the weapons and returned them to the British.
The British prevented violence by seizing the weapons before the Americans.
The Americans seized the weapons and forced the British to retreat.
The British were unable to find the weapons and withdrew from the area.
What did the colonies of Rhode Island and Connecticut have in common?
They were founded by individuals seeking religious freedom.
They were founded as buffers from Native American attacks.
They were founded by immigrants from Africa.
They were founded as debtor colonies.
To which branch of government did Tennessee’s 1796 constitution grant the most power?
executive
governor
judicial
legislative
Which compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention defined the representation each state would have under the United States Constitution?
Commerce Compromise
Great Compromise
Slave Trade Compromise
Electoral College Compromise
This political cartoon by Louis Dalrymple was published in 1905.
Based on this cartoon, in the early 1900s, the Monroe Doctrine was still being used for what purpose?
to protect the United States from Latin America
to protect Latin America from Europe
to claim new colonies for the United States
to claim new colonies for Europe
This is an excerpt from a law passed by Great Britain in 1660.
...from thence forward, no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands...in Asia, Africa, or America, [or lands that are controlled by the king] in any other ship or ships, vessel or vessels whatsoever, but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England.
Because of the practice of salutary neglect, what impact did this law have on the colonists?
Great Britain sent troops to the colonies to enforce the law.
Colonial merchants created the Albany Plan of Union to get the law repealed.
Great Britain granted representation in Parliament to colonial leaders.
Colonists smuggled goods to nations like France with few consequences.
What role did the Erie Canal play in the Industrial Revolution?
Select two that apply.
It made it easier to transport raw materials and finished products.
It allowed workers to live outside the city.
It shortened the travel times for immigrants moving to southern states.
It gave factory workers a place to swim and relax during breaks.
It transformed New York City into a commercial capital.
This is an excerpt from the Mayflower Compact signed in 1620.
We...by the grace of God [and] of Great Britain...covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation...and...to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought [best] and convenient for the general good of the colony.
How did the ideas in this excerpt influence the United States government?
They promoted the establishment of a government that made laws for the good of the mother country.
They promoted the establishment of a government that treated men and women as equals.
They promoted the establishment of a government in which a small group of people had total control.
They promoted the establishment of a government in which laws were made for the people.
This quote by James Madison was published in The Federalist Papers.
If men were angels, no government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty is this: You must first enable the government to control the governed; and in the next place, oblige it to control itself.
Which constitutional practice does this quote justify?
The personal freedoms and liberties of the people are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.
The powers of the federal government are delegated, while state governments have reserved powers.
The elected leaders in Congress make laws but those laws are subject to approval by other branches of government.
The supreme power of the government rests with the citizens and is exercised by representatives they have elected.
This is an excerpt from a poem written by Louisa Cheves McCord in 1853.
This excerpt supports which idea about women in the antebellum South?
A woman’s place was in the home.
Women should have been formally educated.
A woman’s voice was as important as a man’s voice.
Women should have worked outside of the home.
Why did President John Adams support the Alien and Sedition Acts?
He wanted to protect immigrants from discrimination and violence.
He wanted to silence British and French spies.
He wanted to protect the freedoms of speech and press.
He wanted to silence Democratic-Republican critics of his administration.
How did John Smith contribute to the survival of Jamestown?
He proposed using Africans as laborers.
He introduced tobacco as a cash crop.
He established the policy that all colonists must farm.
He created a military alliance with local Native Americans.
How did the invention of interchangeable parts impact the industrial economy in the North?
It increased output because it allowed broken machines to be easily repaired.
It decreased profits because it allowed skilled craftsmen to ask for higher wages.
It increased the prices of goods because owners had to cover additional maintenance costs.
It decreased the quality of goods because fewer workers were used to operate the machines.
Why is the War of 1812 often called the Second War for Independence?
Select three that apply.
It upheld America’s right to trade freely with all nations.
It resulted in an increase in American nationalism.
It showed that America was not ready to handle international relations.
It reinforced America’s independence and status in the world.
It gave control of America’s trade back to Great Britain.
This is a quote from an immigrant to America in the mid-1800s.
Based on this quote, this immigrant most likely came from which European nation?
Germany
Great Britain
Ireland
Spain
This chart includes arguments about the chartering of a national bank.
These arguments highlight which situation in the struggle to build a new nation?
American leaders agreed that a new government must create a national bank.
American leaders united in their interpretations of the Elastic Clause.
American leaders felt that state banks were better than one national bank.
American leaders disagreed on whether to interpret the Constitution loosely or strictly.
This is an excerpt from a document published by a colonial organization in 1773.
"It is essential to the freedom and security of a free people, that no taxes be imposed upon them but by their own consent, or their representatives."
What impact did the idea in this excerpt have on British citizens living in the colonies?
It encouraged them to become Patriots.
It caused them to become Loyalists.
It pushed them to return to Great Britain.
It led them to compromise with King George III.
This is an excerpt from an 1831 newspaper.
What impact did the event in this excerpt have on slavery in the South?
Southerners joined the Abolition Movement.
Slave codes were strengthened to protect white citizens.
State legislatures began to pass emancipation laws.
Slaves followed Nat Turner’s lead and revolted.
These are examples of Puritan laws enacted in 1774.
These laws are examples of what type of government used by the Puritans to maintain order?
anarchy
confederacy
monarchy
theocracy
Which Supreme Court decision led to the establishment of judicial review?
Dartmouth v. Woodward
Gibbons v. Ogden
Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland
How did the Antifederalists propose changing the United States Constitution to prevent the government from having too much power over the people?
They wanted to add a provision creating a national bank.
They wanted to add protections for individual rights.
They wanted to give small states more power than large states.
They wanted to allow states to spend money as they see fit.
What were the purposes of Thomas Paine’s pamphlet, Common Sense ?
Select two that apply.
to make colonists stop fighting and return to peace
to convince colonists to take up the cause of independence
to persuade colonists that monarchy is the best form of government
to encourage colonists to compromise and pay their taxes
to motivate colonists to create a democratic republic
This graph shows the number of raw cotton bales produced in the United States
between 1790 and 1850.
What most likely accounts for the trend in this graph?
After the War of 1812, Great Britain stopped buying cotton from the United States.
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin made separating seeds from raw cotton quick and easy.
As the need for slaves decreased, labor-intensive crops like cotton became unpopular.
Cotton was needed to supply the new textile mills being built in the West.
This is a quote from William Penn in 1693.
"There can be no friendship where there is no freedom."
This quote was justification for the founding of which colonial city?
Boston
Charleston
New York City
Philadelphia
This chart lists issues America faced as a new nation.
Which title completes the chart?
Strengths of the Articles of Confederation
Strengths of the United States Constitution
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
Weaknesses of the United States Constitution
Who founded the colony of Georgia?
Roger Williams
James Oglethorpe
Anne Hutchinson
Thomas Hooker
This is a map of the United States.
Which number correctly identifies the Louisiana Territory?
1
2
3
4
This is a timeline of events from 1765 to 1766.
Which event completes this timeline?
Britain issued the Declaratory Act.
Britain issued the Intolerable (Coercive) Acts.
Britain issued the Townshend Acts.
Britain issued the Quartering Act.
This is a map of colonial America.
Which number correctly identifies a colony founded by the Eight Lords Proprietors?
1
2
3
4
This is a quote from Bushy Run Battlefield written by historian David Dixon.
"Both Great Britain and France coveted the region for different reasons. The French recognized the strategic importance of the valley as a link in their far-flung empire,
which stretched from New France, in Canada, to Louisiana. On the other hand, English colonists from Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania hoped to settle the area."
Based on this quote, Great Britain and France both wanted to control the river valley
Delaware
Mississippi
Missouri
Ohio
Which European nation took New Amsterdam from the Dutch and made it an important trade-based colony in its empire?
England
France
Portugal
Spain
This painting of the Battle of Bunker Hill shows a strategy used by British troops
during the American Revolution.
What type of warfare did American generals, like Francis Marion, employ to defeat
this British strategy?
American generals used attrition warfare; they held a line of defense and continuously reinforced it with troops.
American generals used divide and conquer warfare; they focused all their firepower on the center lines.
American generals used guerrilla warfare; they used the landscape to their benefit and fought only when they held a significant advantage.
American generals used trench warfare; they dug trenches in the ground and only came up to fire when the enemy was close.
This is a list of the political accomplishments of Benjamin Franklin.
Which accomplishment completes this list?
created the Albany Plan of Union
coauthored Common Sense
cofounded the Sons of Liberty
commanded the Continental Army
As fewer Africans came to Virginia, more of their rights were protected
As more Africans came to Virginia, more of their rights were limited.
As more rights were limited, fewer Africans came to Virginia.
As more rights were protected, more Africans came to Virginia.
interchangeable parts
labor union
Lowell system
Slater system
The 49th parallel was set as the boundary between the United States and Canada by which event?
Adams-Onís Treaty
Convention of 1818
Gadsden Purchase
Mexican Cession
Which explanation most accurately describes France’s motivation for establishing North American colonies?
France was focused on finding enough gold to make it the richest nation in the world.
France was determined to give its poor and persecuted a new home outside of Europe.
France was focused on creating profitable trading partnerships.
France was determined to spread Protestantism to the new world.
What was the historical significance of the Whiskey Rebellion?
It proved the Constitution was more effective than the Articles of Confederation.
It proved that the federal government should not issue excise taxes.
It proved the Office of the President did not have enough power.
It proved that states could do a better job handling rebellion than the federal government.
This is a drawing of a colonial gathering from the 1740s.
This drawing is about what event in American history?
Boston Tea Party
First Great Awakening
Salem Witch Trials
Stamp Act Congress
This is an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence.
"...governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government....
Based on this excerpt, what was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
to apologize for rebelling against the British government
to establish a new British government based upon consent of the people
to explain why colonists deserved representation in the British government
to justify why colonists had the right to overthrow the British government
Which statement best describes the growth of industry in the antebellum North?
Industry growth led to a population shift from cities to farms.
Industry growth declined as fewer immigrants settled in cities.
Manufacturing advances, such as the Slater system, accelerated the growth of industry.
Advances in agriculture, such as John Deere’s steel plow, slowed the growth of industry.
Who was the founder of Connecticut?
William Bradford
Thomas Hooker
John Smith
Roger Williams
What type of warfare did Union generals use at the Battle of Shiloh to defeat the Confederate forces?
Generals used attrition warfare; they held a line of defense and continuously reinforced it with troops.
Generals used divide and conquer warfare; they focused all of their firepower on the center lines.
Generals used guerrilla warfare; they used the landscape to their advantage and fought only when they held a significant advantage.
Generals used trench warfare; they dug trenches in the ground and only came up to fire when the enemy was close.
After which government body did Benjamin Franklin model the Albany Plan of Union?
Britain’s constitutional monarchy
France’s absolute monarchy
Iroquois Confederation
Puritan theocracy
How did President Jackson reward his top supporters after he was elected?
He gave them land in the western territories.
He hosted parties for them during his first year as president.
He offered them jobs in the federal government.
He sent them personalized letters thanking them.
How did the arrival of Irish and German immigrants impact antebellum politics in America?
Irish and German immigrants joined with abolitionists to start new reform movements.
Anti-Catholic sentiment led to the creation of the Know-Nothing Party.
Irish and German women started the women’s suffrage movement.
Religious toleration was added to the platform of the Republican Party.
How did the Framers resolve the slave trade issue at the Constitutional Convention?
Northern states agreed to wait until 1808 to ban the international slave trade.
Southern states recommended that only plantations be allowed to import slaves.
Northern states suggested that state legislatures handle all issues related to importing slaves.
Southern states proposed an immediate end to the international slave trade.
Why was the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision a turning point in the debate over slavery?
It outlawed slavery in the United States.
It introduced the idea of popular sovereignty.
It allowed for the expansion of slavery into western territories.
It guaranteed the civil rights of all African Americans.
What was the primary purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention held in 1848?
to call for an end to child labor
to discuss the dangers of drinking alcohol
to increase support for abolition
to support women’s rights
This is a quote from Bushy Run Battlefield written by historian David Dixon.
"Both Great Britain and France coveted the region for different reasons. The French recognized the strategic importance of the valley as a link in their far-flung empire, which stretched from New France, in Canada, to Louisiana. On the other hand, English colonists from Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania hoped to settle the area."
Which conflict resulted from the land dispute explained in this quote?
American Revolution
Boston Massacre
French and Indian War
Shays’ Rebellion
Which statement most accurately summarizes the experiences of enslaved women?
They were beaten, starved, and abused as often as enslaved men.
They were respected as mothers and as caregivers.
They were rarely asked to work in the fields or to do manual labor.
They were expected to teach white children how to read and write.
What was the underlying reason why President Andrew Johnson was impeached?
lack of enforcement of the Dred Scott decision
failures of the Freedmen’s Bureau
tension between the executive and legislative branches
violence between freedmen and whites after the war ended
During George Washington’s presidency, how did conflicts between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson impact the development of the new nation?
Conflicts brought the nation to the verge of civil war.
Conflicts resulted in the emergence of the first political parties.
Conflicts forced President Washington to retire early.
Conflicts led Congress to amend the United States Constitution.
How did conflicts with the Barbary pirates in the early 1800s impact America’s early foreign policy?
They set the precedent for paying tribute to avoid costly wars with foreign nations.
They showed that America needed foreign allies to defeat enemies.
They established America as a strong nation that was able to protect its trade interests.
They proved that war was the only way to solve trade disputes.
This is an account of a Civil War battle given by Colonel Norwood Hallowell.
"Between the attacks of Weitzel and Augur, an assault was ordered from our extreme right by the black regiments as a diversion. Their ground was very difficult and disadvantageous, but they fought without panic, and suffered before falling back in good order. Their conduct and its indication of character and manliness made a
profound impression on the army."
What does this account say about African Americans during the Civil War?
African American soldiers were given more difficult assignments than other soldiers.
African American soldiers did not play active roles on the battlefield.
African American soldiers were given easier assignments than other soldiers.
African Americans soldiers served with distinction on the battlefield.
In his farewell address, why did President George Washington warn against permanent alliances?
He believed that long-term alliances with nations would lead America to fight costly and unnecessary wars.
He felt forging alliances with other nations was a waste of time because no nation was strong enough to protect America.
He argued that forming alliances outside of the nation would lead to forming political parties within the nation.
He recognized that alliances with foreign nations compromised the peace treaties America had with Native Americans.
This is an excerpt from an article that appeared in the Charleston Mercury in November 1860.
"The issue before the country is the extinction of slavery. No man of common sense, who has observed the progress of events, and who is not prepared to surrender the institution, with the safety and independence of the South, can doubt that the time for action has come—now or never. The southern states are now in the crisis of
their fate; and, if we read aright the signs of the times, nothing is needed for our deliverance, but that the ball of revolution be set in motion. There is sufficient readiness among the people to make it entirely successful. Cooperation will follow the action of any state. The example of forward movement only is requisite to unite southern states in a common cause. Under these circumstances the legislature of South Carolina is about to meet. It happens to assemble in advance of the legislature of any other state. Being in session at this momentous juncture—the legislature of that state which is most united in the policy of freeing the south from Republican domination—the eyes of the whole country, and most especially of the resistance party of the southern states, is intently turned upon the conduct of this body....The course of our legislature will either greatly stimulate and strengthen, or unnerve the resistance elements of the whole South."
In this excerpt, the author was responding to what event?
Battle of Fort Sumter
Election of 1860
John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry
Uncle Tom’s Cabin publication
How did the Freedmen’s Bureau impact the lives of Southerners during Reconstruction?
Select three that apply.
It provided food, housing, and medical aid to African Americans and poor whites.
It tried and convicted war criminals as well as members of vigilante groups.
It raised literacy rates by establishing thousands of schools across the southern states.
It confiscated plantation lands and redistributed them to African Americans and poor whites.
It negotiated labor contracts and settled labor disputes.
This is an excerpt from Thomas Paine’s Common Sense pamphlet published in 1776.
"The English government you worship? It’s a sham. Man may need government to protect him from his flawed nature, but that doesn’t mean he must suffocate under
brute tyranny. Just as you would cut ties with abusive parents, you must break from Britain."
This excerpt was justification for which action?
assassination of King George III
declaring independence from Great Britain
reconciliation with Great Britain
tarring and feathering of Patriots
How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo impact America’s westward expansion?
It stopped America from expanding into New Mexico and California.
It started America’s expansion across the continent.
It established the Rio Grande River as the boundary between Mexico and America.
It changed America’s focus from expanding westward to expanding northward.
In the 1780s, who would have most likely been a member of the Antifederalists?
businessman
merchant
plantation owner
small farmer
Which statement most accurately explains the relationship between political power and the social hierarchy in the antebellum South?
Political power was concentrated among small farmers.
Political power was evenly distributed.
Political power was concentrated among merchants.
Political power was unevenly distributed.
How did the geography of southern colonies influence their economic development?
A lack of suitable farmland meant they had to import crops from other colonies.
Fertile soil allowed them to grow cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo.
Great harbors allowed them to establish strong trade networks.
Thick forests meant they could export shipbuilding materials.
What was the main purpose of the Missouri Compromise?
to establish popular sovereignty
to encourage settlement in the western territories
to expand the Fugitive Slave Act
to keep the balance of slave and free states in Congress equal
When President Polk supported the annexation of Texas and the settlement of Oregon, which concept did he use as justification for his support?
intervention
Manifest Destiny
Monroe Doctrine
neutrality
How did Chief Justice John Marshall strengthen the judicial branch of government?
He asserted the power of judicial review.
He increased the number of Supreme Court justices.
He made an amendment to the Constitution.
He created lower courts to hear appeals.
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?
to help Americans colonize the Eastern Hemisphere
to encourage Americans to trade with the Eastern Hemisphere
to support European colonies in the Western Hemisphere
to keep European nations from colonizing in the Western Hemisphere
Which weakness of the Articles of Confederation did Shays’ Rebellion expose?
Congress could not control trade between states.
Congress did not have a standing military to enforce the laws.
The executive branch had too much power.
The federal government did not have a system of courts.
What advantages did the Confederacy have when the Civil War began?
Select two that apply.
It had a strong industrial base.
It had the best military generals.
Its military was fighting on home ground.
It had the largest population.
It established a transportation network.
This is an excerpt from a brochure written by President Andrew Jackson in 1835.
"I have no motive, my friends, to deceive you. I am sincerely desirous to promote your welfare. Listen to me, therefore, while I tell you that you cannot remain where
you now are. Circumstances that cannot be controlled, and which are beyond the reach of human laws, render it impossible that you can flourish in the midst of a
civilized community. You have but one remedy within your reach. And that is, to remove to the West and join your countrymen, who are already established there.
And the sooner you do this, the sooner you will commence your career of improvement and prosperity."
What policy was Jackson supporting in this excerpt?
Fugitive Slave Act
Indian Removal Act
Missouri Compromise
Tariff of 1832
This excerpt is from the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms document issued by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775.
"The British declare that Parliament can “of right make laws to bind us in all cases whatsoever.” What is to defend us against so enormous, so unlimited a power? We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated British officials, or resistance by force. The latter is our choice."
Why was this document written?
to declare the independence of the Thirteen Colonies
to ask France to form an alliance and send troops
to apologize to Great Britain for rebelling against the king
to explain and justify the early battles of the American Revolution
Which colony’s charter was approved by England because it was thought the colony would be a buffer from Spain?
Georgia
Maryland
New York
South Carolina
What event during President John Adams’s administration was the direct cause of an undeclared war with France?
passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts
the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
passage of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
the XYZ Affair
This is an excerpt from a law passed in 1850.
"The said territory, or any portion of the same, shall be received into the Union, with or without slavery, as their constitution may prescribe at the time of their admission."
Which concept does the excerpt describe?
Free Soil
Manifest Destiny
popular sovereignty
secession
This is an excerpt from the Bill of Rights.
"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people."
Which constitutional principle did this excerpt establish?
checks and balances
federalism
individual rights
republicanism
What method did Harriet Tubman use to promote abolition?
She published an abolitionist newspaper.
She toured Europe giving speeches.
She helped enslaved persons escape the South.
She led a rebellion against forced labor.
How did the invention of the steamboat stimulate the American economy?
Select three that apply.
It gave farmers in the West better access to markets.
It lowered the value of land along waterways.
It opened the West and South to further settlement.
It changed waterfront villages into commerce centers.
It raised taxes on interstate trade.
During the colonization of North America, how were the goals of Great Britain different from those of France and Spain?
Great Britain allowed colonists to set up local governments.
Great Britain focused on converting Native Americans to Christianity.
Great Britain partnered with Native Americans to trade gold.
Great Britain restricted colonists from making their own laws.
This is a list of complaints against King George III from the Declaration of Independence.
• He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly.
• [He has] quartered large bodies of armed troops among us.
• [He has] deprived us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by
jury.
Based on this list, how did the Framers ensure that the new government would not commit the same mistakes?
They created the Albany Plan of Union to check the power of the executive branch.
They created the Articles of Confederation with a powerful judicial branch.
They added the Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution, protecting civil liberties.
They issued the Declaration of Rights and Grievances, promising never to be tyrannical.
Georgia
New York
Rhode Island
South Carolina
to expand the United States from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean
to stop the spread of slavery into new territories
to carry democracy into the West
to spread progress from industrialization into new areas
to unite settlers and Native Americans
This chart lists the provisions of the Missouri Compromise.
What was the main goal of this compromise?
to get as many states admitted to the nation as possible
to maintain an equal number of slave and free states
to place restrictions on the treatment of enslaved individuals
to reduce the population of the western territories
What advantage did the Confederacy have over the Union at the start of the Civil War?
The president of the Confederacy had more authority to force states to support the war effort.
Confederate soldiers had better knowledge of the terrain and geography of the battle sites.
The Confederacy had a larger population from which to recruit soldiers for the army.
Confederate munitions factories produced war materials at faster rates.
This photograph of Charleston, South Carolina, was taken in 1865.
Which individual was most responsible for the destruction seen in this photograph?
David Farragut
Ulysses S. Grant
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
William T. Sherman
Certainly, all those who have framed written constitutions contemplate them as
forming the fundamental and paramount law of the nation, and consequently the
theory of every such government must be, that an act of the legislature, [offensive]
to the constitution, is void.... It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial
department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases,
must...expound and interpret that rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the
courts must decide on the operation of each.
This passage is part of Chief Justice John Marshall’s argument in Marbury v. Madison.
What principle did Marshall outline in his argument?
The judicial branch should determine if a law is unconstitutional.
Only the judicial branch should have limited powers.
Only the legislative branch can rule on the constitutionality of laws.
The legislative branch was the supreme authority in the country.
What was the overarching purpose of laws such as this one?...that all freedmen, free Negroes, and mulattoes in this state over the age of
eighteen years...with no lawful employment or business, or found unlawfully
assembling themselves together either in the day or nighttime...shall be deemed
vagrants; and, on conviction thereof, shall be fined.... Be it further enacted, that
every civil officer shall, and every person may, arrest and carry back to his or her
legal employer any freedman, free Negro, or mulatto who shall have quit the service
of his or her employer before the expiration of his or her term of service without
good cause.
This is an excerpt from a law enacted in Mississippi in 1865.
What was the overarching purpose of laws such as this one?
to ensure the safety of African Americans who were traveling around the state
to encourage African Americans to take advantage of available job opportunities
to keep African Americans in inferior social, political, and economic situations
to ensure African Americans could exercise their freedoms in the same way as white citizens
This chart shows the relationship between several political parties in the 1850s.
Which element completes this chart?
opposition to tariffs
opposition to the expansion of enslavement
support for states’ rights
support for acquisition of new territories
This is an excerpt from the South Carolina Declaration of Secession in 1860.
An increasing hostility on the part of the non-slaveholding states to the institution of
slavery, has led to a disregard of their obligations, and the laws of the general
government have ceased to [follow] the Constitution. The states of Maine, New
Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York,
Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Iowa have enacted laws
which either nullify the acts of Congress or render useless any attempt to execute
them. In many of these states a fugitive [slave] is discharged from service or labor
claimed, and in none of them has the state government complied with the
stipulation made in the Constitution [to uphold laws].
Based on this excerpt, one reason for secession was that northern states failed to
support which Congressional action?
Fugitive Slave Act
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Missouri Compromise
Wilmot Proviso
This map of the United States shows a trail used by a group of settlers.
Settlers who used this trail were most likely moving west for what reason?
to look for gold and other minerals
to trade furs and other products
to escape religious persecution
to purchase land for farming
This is an excerpt from a speech given to Congress by President Andrew Jackson in
1830.
The consequences of a speedy [Indian] removal will be important to the United
States, to individual states, and to the Indians themselves.... It puts an end to all
possible danger of collision between the authorities of the [federal] and state
governments on account of the Indians. It will place a dense and civilized population
in large tracts of country now occupied by a few savage hunters. By opening the
whole territory between Tennessee on the north and Louisiana on the south to the
settlement of the whites, it will incalculably strengthen the southwestern frontier
and render the adjacent states strong enough to repel future invasions without
remote aid. It will relieve the whole state of Mississippi and the western part of
Alabama of Indian occupancy, and enable those states to advance rapidly in
population, wealth, and power.
Based on this excerpt, why did President Jackson support Indian removal?
It increased the nation’s ability to defend its borders against foreign attack.
It allowed Native Americans to grow in population, wealth, and power.
It led to more land disputes between the federal government and western states.
It allowed Native Americans to assimilate quickly into American culture.
Why were people who considered themselves Antifederalists reluctant to support the ratification of the Constitution?
Select two that apply.
They believed it gave too much power to the state governments.
They believed it did not give enough power to the chief executive.
They believed it favored the interests of wealthy merchants and planters.
They believed it did not go far enough to protect individual rights.
They believed it would reduce opportunities to trade with foreign nations.
This is an excerpt from a speech given by Frederick Douglass on July 5, 1852.
What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer: a day that reveals to him,
more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is
the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an
unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity...a thin veil to cover up
crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages. There is not a nation on the earth
guilty of practices, more shocking and bloody, than are the people of these United
States, at this very hour. Go where you may, search where you will, roam through
all the monarchies and despotisms of the old world, travel through South America,
search out every abuse, and when you have found the last, lay your facts by the
side of the everyday practices of this nation, and you will say with me, that, for
revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy, America reigns without a rival....
What message was Douglass conveying in this speech?
The practice of freedom in the United States was consistent with the way other countries
practiced it.
The United States was hypocritical to celebrate freedom while oppressing and enslaving
African Americans.
The United States would be a better example of freedom if it became a monarchy.
The treatment of African Americans in the United States was better than in other parts of the
world.
This chart lists the provisions of the Compromise of 1877.
Which provision completes this chart?
The 13th Amendment was ratified.
Federal troops withdrew from the southern states.
Black men gained the right to vote.
The Freedmen’s Bureau was established.
This excerpt is from the inaugural address given by Governor Robert Y. Hayne of
South Carolina in 1832.
In the great struggle in which we are engaged for the preservation of our rights and
liberties, it is my fixed determination to assert and uphold the sovereign authority of
[South Carolina], and to enforce, by all the means that may be entrusted to my
hands, her sovereign will. I recognize no allegiance as paramount to that which the
citizens of South Carolina owe to the state of their birth.... South Carolina is
anxiously desirous of living at peace with her brethren; she has not the remotest
wish to dissolve the political bands which have connected her with the great
American family of confederated states. With Thomas Jefferson, “she would regard
the dissolution of our union with them as one of the greatest evils—but not the
greatest: there is one greater—submission to a government without limitation of
powers,” and such a government, she conscientiously believes will be our portion
should the system against which she is now struggling, be finally established as the
settled policy of the country.
Based on this excerpt, which conclusion can be drawn about why South Carolina
nullified the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832?
South Carolina felt the needs of the state were more important than the needs of the nation.
South Carolina favored limiting the power of all state governments.
South Carolina wanted to secede from the United States.
South Carolina believed state governments did not have to enforce federal laws.
These are excerpts from the diary of Elisha Hunt Rhodes, a Union soldier during the
Civil War.
March 21, 1862
Sleeping on the ground is fun, and a bed of pine boughs is better than one of
feathers.
August 2, 1862
Today we moved our camp back into a pine grove. Shelter tents have been issued
to the men. Each man has one piece about six feet long and four feet wide. Two
men button these pieces together, and by throwing it over a ridge pole, supported
at each end, a shelter is formed. It is open at each end and serves to shield from
the sun but makes a regular shower bath when it rains....
October 15, 1862
For the past four days it has been cloudy and very cold and as the men have no
overcoats they suffer some....
Based on these excerpts, what conclusion can be drawn about life as a soldier during
the Civil War?
Soldiers had little food and often went hungry.
Soldiers were given plenty of resources to build shelters.
Soldiers had few protections from the weather conditions.
Soldiers were given enough pay to buy the resources they needed.
How did the Great Compromise solve a major debate at the Constitutional
Convention?
It allowed the South to count a portion of its enslaved population toward representation.
It created a bicameral legislature with one house based on population and one house based
on equal representation.
It prevented Congress from taxing exports in order to strengthen the economy.
It established an amendment process that did not require the unanimous consent of the
states.
This is an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are
instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,
that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the
right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying
its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them
shall seem most likely to affect their safety and happiness.
The red phrase in this excerpt refers to which idea about government?
Governments should keep their citizens safe and happy by treating them as equals.
All citizens should have the same natural rights.
Citizens should have the right to overthrow any government that does not protect their rights.
Governments should draw power from their citizens.
This Venn diagram shows the viewpoints of Patriots and Loyalists during the American Revolution.
Which viewpoint completes this diagram?
Believed colonists needed to remain a part of Great Britain to maintain their rights.
Believed taxes would be lower if the colonies remained with Great Britain.
Believed colonists had a stronger army than Great Britain.
Believed the colonial governments, not Great Britain, had the right to tax the colonists.
Which statement is true about the Whiskey Rebellion that took place during the
administration of George Washington?
It showed that state governments needed to have their own militias.
It encouraged Congress to pass laws restricting the production of alcohol.
It proved that the federal government was strong enough to handle domestic disputes.
It forced Congress to repeal taxes that were hurting small farmers.
This is an excerpt from a document published in 1848.
We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men and women are created equal;
that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among
these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights
governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it
is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon
the institution of a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and
organizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to affect their
safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long
established should not be changed for light and [temporary] causes; and
accordingly, all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer,
while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves, by abolishing the forms to which
they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and [injustices], pursuing
invariably the same object, [has] a design to reduce them under absolute
despotism, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards
for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of the women under
this government, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to demand
the equal station to which they are entitled. The history of mankind is a history of
repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in
direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let
facts be submitted to a candid world.
This document is associated with which event?
Mexican War
Second Great Awakening
Seneca Falls Convention
Trail of Tears
This graph shows the relationship between the enslaved population and cotton
production between 1800 and 1860.
What most likely accounts for the trend in this graph?
end of the slave trade
invention of the cotton gin
passage of slave codes
use of interchangeable parts
This is an excerpt from a letter written by slave trader Robert Livingston in July 1729.
We...thank God [that we] had the good fortune of having one of our Guinea [ships]
come in, though after a long passage of 79 days in which time they buried 37 slaves
and since 3 more and 2 more likely to die which is an accident not to be helped, and
which if it had not happened, we should make a golden voyage but as it is there will
not be much left I fear, unless the other ship meets with better luck.... We have now
about 8 well slaves...[so] I am sending you up 8 of them...cheap as slaves are sold
[I] should have sent you more but the boys were too small. These I send are of the
biggest sort...[and] if the size of these boys will do [I] can send you more next trip.
Based on this excerpt, what conclusion can be drawn about the slave trade during
colonial times?
Slave traders worried about the survival rate on the Middle Passage because they valued
enslaved people as humans.
Slave traders were determined to make the voyage on the Middle Passage as comfortable as
possible for enslaved people.
Slave traders were concerned with the loss of life on the Middle Passage and advocated
ending the trade of enslaved people.
Slave traders viewed enslaved people as property and saw any loss of life on the Middle
Passage as a financial burden.
This is an excerpt from the majority opinion in McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819.
We are unanimously of opinion, that the law passed by the legislature of Maryland,
imposing a tax on the Bank of the United States, is unconstitutional and void.
How did this opinion impact the nation?
It ruled that state banks were unconstitutional.
It established the principle that state laws were superior to federal laws.
It expanded the power of the federal government.
It set the precedent for state governments overturning federal laws.
How did the Supreme Court’s decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford impact the nation?
It outlawed the practice of enslavement in the western territories.
It declared the Fugitive Slave Act unconstitutional.
It increased the divide between the North and South.
It ended the idea that states could nullify federal laws.
Why did Great Britain issue the Navigation Acts?
Select two that apply.
to control the economic activity of the colonies
to build up the colonial treasury by increasing taxes on imports and exports
to end trade with foreign nations
to support colonial merchants by giving them the power to determine trade policies
to maximize profits from the colonies
This is an article that appeared in the Californian on March 15, 1848.
GOLD MINE FOUND—In the newly made raceway of the Saw Mill recently erected by
Captain Sutter, on the American Fork, gold has been found in considerable
quantities. One person brought thirty dollars’ worth to New Helvetia, gathered there
in a short time. California, no doubt, is rich in mineral wealth; great chances here for
scientific capitalists. Gold has been found in almost every part of the country.
What was the immediate impact of the event in this article on the nation?
It prompted the United States to declare war on Mexico.
It led to an increase in wealth for the majority of Americans.
It ended support for the idea of Manifest Destiny.
It caused migration surges to California and other western territories.
This is a classified ad that appeared in The New York Times in 1854.
This ad is evidence of what situation in the United States during the 1800s?
Irish immigrants faced discrimination when trying to find employment.
New technologies led to increased job opportunities for Irish immigrants.
A lack of immigrant workers made it difficult for employers to fill jobs.
Employers preferred to hire immigrants because they would work for lower pay.
This chart lists a few of the outcomes of the French and Indian War.
What impact did these outcomes have on the colonists?
They allowed colonists to expand their settlements farther west.
They created a stronger alliance between the colonists and Great Britain.
They increased tensions between the colonists and Great Britain.
They expanded trade and improved the economic situations of colonists.
This timeline shows a series of events in the early history of Tennessee.
Which event completes this timeline?
Nashville was named the first capital of Tennessee.
John Robertson was elected governor of the Southwest Territory.
Citizens of the Southwest Territory voted against becoming a state.
Tennessee was granted statehood.
What do Samuel Slater, Eli Whitney, and Francis Cabot Lowell have in common?
Their writings helped spread the ideas of the Second Great Awakening.
Their innovations contributed to the start of the Industrial Revolution in the United States.
Their speeches encouraged people to support the Abolitionist Movement.
Their inventions made it possible to build the Erie Canal.
These are statements made during the debates between Stephen Douglas and
Abraham Lincoln in 1858.
Based on these statements, how did the two men differ on their views on
enslavement?
Douglas believed its expansion should be decided by popular sovereignty; Lincoln believed it
should not expand.
Douglas believed it was morally wrong; Lincoln believed it was economically unnecessary.
Douglas believed its legality should be decided by the courts; Lincoln believed its legality
should be voted on by the people.
Douglas believed it was necessary for the economic growth of the nation; Lincoln believed it
was unconstitutional.
This chart shows characteristics of the North, South, and West in the early 19th
century.
Based on this chart, what conclusion can be drawn about the impact of religion on the situations for minority groups in these regions?
Religious teachings had little influence on the treatment of minority groups in each region.
More progressive religious views led to greater conflict over the treatment of minority groups.
Religious teachings promoted resistance to the status quo treatment of minority groups in
each region.
More progressive religious views led to better treatment of minority groups.
This excerpt is from an anonymous account of the events leading up to the Boston
Massacre in 1770.
The author of this account would have most likely agreed with which statement about the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre?
Their presence was necessary to control the colonists.
They were protecting the citizens of Boston from being injured or killed by violent protestors.
Their presence was a violation of historical English law.
They were protecting the citizens of Boston just as soldiers protected the citizens of London.
During the American Revolution, why was the Battle of Saratoga a significant event?
After the colonial loss, George Washington was appointed general over the Continental Army.
After the colonial victory, France entered the war as an ally for the colonists.
After the colonial loss, the Continental Army received training in guerilla warfare tactics.
After the colonial victory, Great Britain was forced to surrender.
This is a map of North America during the Age of Exploration.
Which number correctly identifies the region claimed by France?
1
2
3
4
This is an excerpt from an essay written by John Louis O’Sullivan, a newspaper editor, in 1845.
In this excerpt, O’Sullivan is justifying support for which concept?
Jacksonian democracy
Manifest Destiny
nullification
sectionalism
How did the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln impact Reconstruction?
Select two that apply.
It placed the focus of Reconstruction on pardoning southerners.
It caused increased tensions between Congress and the president over Reconstruction.
It caused Reconstruction to be more difficult for the southern states.
It caused President Johnson to use Reconstruction as retaliation for Lincoln’s death.
It prompted Congress to require financial payments from the South as part of Reconstruction.
Town meetings in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the House of Burgesses in
Jamestown were examples of which concept?
theocracy
self-government
religious freedom
religious freedom
This is an excerpt from the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863.
Based on this excerpt, besides freeing enslaved persons in rebelling states, what other motivation led President Lincoln to issue this proclamation?
to increase the available workforce for northern factories
to encourage formerly enslaved persons to lead rebellions in their states
to empower the Confederacy to take responsibility for its actions
to increase the size and strength of the Union’s military forces
This political cartoon was drawn by Benjamin Franklin in 1754.
What message was Franklin sending with the publication of this cartoon?
The colonies needed to share resources to develop a strong economy.
The colonies needed to form their own militia to defend themselves from the British.
The colonies needed to unite to declare independence from Great Britain.
The colonies needed to work together to address common issues.
This is an excerpt from the Articles of Confederation.
Which weakness of the Articles of Confederation does this excerpt identify?
Congress did not have the power to impose taxes.
Congress did not have the power to declare war.
Congress did not have the power to buy or sell land.
Congress did not have the power to regulate interstate trade.
These statements were made by two Framers during the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
To protect against the sentiment expressed in these statements, which aspect did themFramers add to the United States Constitution?
amendment process
enumerated powers
impeachment process
implied powers
This is a map of the United States.
Which numbered territory was acquired by the United States as a result of the Adams-Onís Treaty?
1
2
3
4
This is an excerpt from a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776.
For what purpose did Paine write this pamphlet?
to persuade the colonists to cut off trade with France
to advocate for ending the practice of enslavement in the colonies
to discourage Great Britain from sending troops to the colonies
to convince colonists to support independence
How did the events and ideas of the Second Great Awakening impact the United
States in the early 19th century?
Select two that apply.
They sparked a desire to enact social reforms in society.
They led to stricter interpretations of biblical teachings and practices.
They changed people’s ideas about the role of God in their lives.
They prompted a resurgence in practicing Puritan social norms.
They created a greater reliance on trained clergy members.
This is an excerpt from a journal written by George Percy, a Jamestown settler, in
1609.
How did the colony of Jamestown respond to the hardships described in this excerpt?
The colony failed, and the Powhatan people welcomed the settlers into their tribe.
The colony followed the lead of John Smith and focused on raising crops.
The colony abandoned the fort and moved inland to the James River Falls.
The colony collapsed, and the remaining settlers returned to England.
How did the War of 1812 impact the economy of the United States?
Revenue spent to fight the war led to large tax increases and an economic depression.
Destruction of railroad lines caused manufacturing to move to the western territories.
The need for war materials prompted southern states to stop farming and build factories.
Blockades of the eastern coastline led to a need to manufacture more goods domestically.
This is a map of the United States.
How did the United States acquire the shaded area of the map?
It purchased the territory from Great Britain after a prolonged boundary dispute.
It purchased the territory from Mexico to build a southern transcontinental railroad.
It purchased the territory from France in order to gain control of the Mississippi River.
It purchased the territory from Mexico as part of the treaty that ended the Mexican War.
This is an amendment to the United States Constitution.
Which amendment is this?
13th
14th
15th
16th
This is an excerpt from a statement written by Thomas Jefferson on February 23,
1791.
Based on this excerpt, what was the main reason that Jefferson opposed the
establishment of a national bank?
Jefferson believed a national bank would harm creditors like merchants and financiers.
Jefferson supported a strict interpretation of the United States Constitution.
Jefferson opposed the creation of any institution that facilitated the payment of taxes.
Jefferson believed a national bank would not improve the nation’s economy.
This chart shows the number of congregations in Philadelphia in 1775.
Based on this chart, what conclusion can be drawn about the long-term influence of colonial ideas?
Philadelphia continued William Penn’s policy of prohibiting non-Christians.
The Puritan practice of theocratic government supported religious freedom.
Philadelphians rejected the Puritan practice of religious toleration.
William Penn’s experiment in religious diversity was a success.
