Gluconeogenesis

Glucagon is produced where

Insulin is released in response to decreased blood glucose

Select all that are secreted from Beta cells of pancreas

Select the incretins that enhance glucose stimulated insulin secretion in B cells following food ingestion

Which incretin slows gastric emptying, decreases glucagon secretion, and stimulates satiety

Which adipose tissue hormone stimulates the hypothalamus to decrease appetite

Which of the following is described best by a resistance to insulin leading to a relative deficiency of insulin secretion

Caution concentration of insulin

Which of the following types of Insulin can be administered IV

U-100 3mL pen contains how many units of Insulin

Insulin’s that end in LIN R class (NovoLIN R, HumuLIN R)

Short acting insulin’s should be taken:

Analog Insulin’s are found in what category

Glulisine (Apidra) class

Select the Rapid acting BIOSIMILARS that can be taken with meal or after

Select the inhaled Rapid acting Insulin that shouldn’t be taken with chronic lung disease pts

How are basal Insulins typically taken

Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Class

Select the U-300 Insulin Glargine Analog

Which of the following basals is typically given twice a day due to a shorter half-life

Insulin Degludec (Tresiba) Class

Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown away for cloudy appearance

NPH insulin class

HumuLIN 70/30

NovoLog 70/30

Lispro protamine + lispro injection

What is true about dosing insulin (Select all)

Correction Factor= How much one unit of insulin will drop glucose levels

DPP-4 helps initiate GIP and GLP-1 effect after eating

There is increased glucose reabsorption by SGLT transporters in the kidney in patients with T2 diabetes

Select all of the injectable agents used for type 2 diabetes

Insulin has the highest efficacy for A1C

Drug class that inhibits ATP dependent K+ channels in Beta cells and squeezes insulin out like a sponge

Select the side effects seen in Sulfonylureas

Select the first gen sulfonylurea

GLUCOSE DEPENDENT class that inhibit K+ channels in Beta Cells and squeeze insulin release from functional Beta Cells

Repaglinide and Nateglinide Class

Select all true about metformin MOA

Side effects with metformin

Which eGFR level is contraindicated with Metformin use

Drug class with strong Gamma effects, who’s primary’s effect is increase uptake of insulin in peripheral tissue, secondary effect is decrease glucose production in liver

Rosglitazone and Pioglitazone Class

Which TZD is linked to Bladder Cancer

TZDs have a severe ADR of HF, Macular Edema, Bone fractures

TZD that increases risk of MI

Your patient is at risk for HF, which DPP-4 inhibitor should you avoid prescribing

Drugs that end in “gliptin” class

Drugs that end in “gliflozin” class

Select the SGLT-2 inhibitor that LACKS any beneficial cardiac effects

Select the SGLT-2 inhibitor that is beneficial for T2DM, decreases the risk of MACE, AND decreases the risk of End stage Kidney disease

Select all of the GLP-1 agonists that decrease the risk of MACE, and have renal benefits

When adding Insulin to a patient with Type 2 DM regimen, what should you start with

Select the Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (GI ADRs)

Pramlintidine class

When to start treating for hypoglycemia -BG level

Levothyroxine class

Methimazole class