Use the passage to answer the question.

In the text, you read this about the South's economic situation after the war:

Economic conditions in the South were far worse than in the North. Confederate soldiers had little chance of taking up where they had left off. In some areas, every house, barn, and bridge had been destroyed. Two thirds of the South's railroad tracks had been turned into twisted heaps of scrap. The cities of Columbia, Richmond, and Atlanta had been leveled.

The war wrecked the South's financial system. After the war, Confederate money was worthless. People who had loaned money to the Confederacy were never repaid.

Why would the loss of farms make it especially difficult for the Southern economy to recover?

Use the chart to answer the question.

Using your knowledge of the text and the chart, which best describes Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?

Why did Southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end?

Which Reconstruction-era political group is depicted in this image?

Use the passage to answer the question.

The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. Between 1860 and 1890, the miles of railroad track interlacing the U.S. increased ninefold—from 30,000 miles to 270,000 miles, and the population leapt from 31,000,000 to over 76,000,000 people. Many were recent immigrants.

My folks came to the United States from Sweden in 1866; landed in New York, then came to Omaha. When they got to Omaha they had $5.00 in American money, no job, and couldn't speak a word of English….Then they both got work on the new Union Pacific railroad from Omaha to Laramie City. Father worked on the road and mother cooked and washed for twenty-two men, for nine months; when they got back to Omaha they had $900.00 saved up.

-"Mrs. Will H. Berger" November 21, 1938. Interviewer, Edna B Pearson, American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1940

Based on the account of Mrs. Berger, how did the transcontinental railroads impact the West?

Use the passage to answer the question.

In the text, you read this about the development of railroads:

Although railroads caused certain problems, they also made possible the rapid growth of industry after 1865. Building rail lines created thousands of jobs. Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. Lumberjacks cut down whole forests to supply wood for railroad ties. Miners sweated in dusty mine shafts digging coal to fuel railroad engines. The railroad companies themselves employed thousands of workers. They laid tracks, built trestles across rivers, carved tunnels through mountains, and built countless railroad stations.

The large railroads also pioneered new ways of managing business. Rail companies created special departments for shipping and accounting and for servicing equipment. Expert managers headed each department, while chains of command ensured that the organization ran smoothly. Other big businesses soon copied these management techniques.

Why would it be important for railroads to use strong management techniques?

Use the passage to answer the question.

In the text, you read this about ranching after the Civil War:

Ranchers employed cowhands to tend their cattle and drive herds to market. These hard workers rode alongside the huge herds in good and bad weather. They kept the cattle moving and rounded up strays. After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. However, it is estimated that nearly one in three cowhands was either Mexican American or African American. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own.

Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers?

Which factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership?

Which titan is correctly matched with his industry?

How did George Westinghouse contribute to railroad transportation?

Use the image to answer the question.

What event or characteristic of the Industrial Revolution does this painting illustrate?

Use the image to answer the question.

Based on the text on the banners, which workers' issue most likely prompted this protest demonstration?

Use the image to answer the question.

Which innovation does the photograph illustrate?

Use the chart to answer the question.

Which factor best accounts for the price change in the Model T automobile?

Use the passage to answer the question.

I am tired of fighting . . . It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.

—"I Will Fight No More Forever": Chief Joseph

What event in the history of the West in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give this speech?

What general principle was established with the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision?

What was the goal of the reformers who wanted to help Native Americans in the late 1800s?

What main idea would be described by these headlines?

1. “Massive Factory Fire Kills 150”

2. “2 Million Child Workers”

3. “Pullman Cuts Wages”

4. “Carnegie Buys New Machines- Jobs Loss”

Use the image to answer the question.

Which of the following best accounts for the number of southern votes cast for Johnson’s impeachment?

Use the passage to answer the question.

"But no person who was, on January 1, 1866, or at any time prior thereto, entitled to vote under any form of government, or who at that time resided in some foreign nation, and no lineal descendant of such person, shall be denied the right to register and vote because of his inability to so read and write sections of such constitution."

We have difficulty in finding words to more clearly demonstrate the conviction we entertain that this standard has the characteristics which the Government attributes to it than does the mere statement of the text. It is true it contains no express words of an exclusion from the standard which it establishes of any person on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude prohibited by the Fifteenth Amendment, but the standard itself inherently brings that result into existence since it is based purely upon a period of time before the enactment of the Fifteenth Amendment and makes that period the controlling and dominant test of the right of suffrage."

—Guinn v. United States, 1915

Which voting practice did this Supreme Court decision address?

Why did conflict erupt between President Johnson and Congress after Lincoln’s assassination?

Based on the graph, which industry’s decline would hurt the southern economy the most?

Radical Republicans had two main goals. First, they wanted to break the power of wealthy planters who had long ruled the South. Second, they wanted to ensure that freedmen received the right to vote. They used legislative reforms, or changes in laws, to achieve their goals.

Which of the following is an example of how Radical Republicans sought to achieve their goals?