It is the layer next to topsoil.

This layer is also known as the parent rock.

This layer is rich in organic matter.

It is a solid piece of unbroken rock where the parent rock came from.

Soil is composed of different layers with different compositions and characteristics.

Each layer of the soil is called humus.

Porosity refers to the spaces between soil particles.

The three types of soil are clay, sand, and loam.

The darker the soil is, the less organic matter it contains.

fine particle size.

coarse particle size.

very low water retention capacity

Soil is a mixture of broken rocks, minerals, decayed matter, and tiny living organisms

Loam is the best kind of soil for growing plants.