Worksheets11/03/21 Revision of remote learning
Total questions: 74
Worksheet time: 38mins
(a) are the rules a country demands its citizens follow, the breaking of which leads to punishment
Which THREE of the following are types of crime?
Crimes against the person
Crimes against the state
Crimes against the community
Crimes against property
Poverty; upbringing; mental illness; drug addiction; greed; hate; unjust laws; peer pressure; lack of education are all different (a) of crime.
Aim of punishment; getting the criminal back for their crimes.
Retribution
Reformation
Deterrence
Protection
Reparation
Which aim of punishment means getting the criminal back for their crimes?
(a)
Aim of punishment; the criminal pays the victim or society back for their crime
Retribution
Reformation
Deterrence
Protection
Reparation
Which aim of punishment means the criminal pays the victim or society back for their crime?
(a)
Aim of punishment; helping the criminal see how and why their behaviour was wrong, so that their mindset changes for the better.
Retribution
Reformation
Deterrence
Protection
Reparation
Which aim of punishment means helping the criminal see how and why their behaviour was wrong, so their mindset changes for the better?
(a)
Aim of punishment; protecting society from a dangerous criminal and vice versa
Retribution
Reformation
Deterrence
Protection
Reparation
Which aim of punishment means protecting society from a dangerous criminal and vice versa?
(a)
Aim of punishment; the threat of punishment as a way to put a person off committing crime (eg knowing they could go to prison if they steal).
Retribution
Reformation
Deterrence
Protection
Reparation
Which aim of punishment means using the threat of the punishment as a way of putting people off committing crime OR to stop an ex-offender committing it again?
(a)
Which religion (s) believes that one of the aims of punishment is protection. Laws are there to keep people safe and make sure they are treated fairly, so it is acceptable for religious believers to punish criminals to keep society both safe and fair.
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
Which religion (s) believes that one of the aims of punishment is reformation. Although criminals CAN be punished (including being put in jail) where possible, the focus should be on helping them realise what they did was wrong, make amends for it, and work on becoming responsible members of society once their punishment is over
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
All three religions believe an aim of punishment is protection. Which other aim do all three religions agree with?
(a)
At least some members of these TWO religions believe that punishment can be for retribution. This is because in their holy book it says "an eye for an eye" and "a life for a life" which means that the criminal should be punished by receiving the same damage/injuries as their victim did. The means that they may accept the death penalty for murder.
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
For this ONE religion, deterrence is a very important aim of punishment. The punishments listed in their holy book (such as public whipping for gambling and having a hand cut off for theft) are extreme as they are aimed at putting people off committing a crime in the first place - they are designed to be used very rarely. They believe in the use of the death penalty as a deterrent too.
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
For these TWO religions inhumane and degrading punishments such as public floggings or executions should not be used as they don't help either the offender or the victim in any way. This is why many of them are completely against the death penalty.
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
Which religion allows the families of a murder victim to either ask for the murderer to receive the death penalty OR grant mercy and receive compensation instead?
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
Which religion believes that people who commit crimes will ultimately be punished through the process of reincarnation due to their bad karma, so mainly focus on using punishment as a way to help offenders make amends and become a part of society again.
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
Which religion has very varied views about the aims of punishment due to the older books of their holy book favouring retribution (including the death penalty) but the later books including teachings such as "turn to them the other cheek" and "do not repay evil with evil"
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
Taking into account the information in the last few questions, which religion would you say is the "odd one out" in terms of their beliefs about the aims of punishment?
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Which religion believes that because God forgives them for their sins, they should forgive others.
Their holy book contains the following quotes: people should forgive not just once, not just ‘seven times, but seventy seven-times’; ‘If you do not forgive others their sins, God the Father will not forgive your sins’.
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
Which religion believes that forgiveness helps both the person who has committed the crime but also the victim. Forgiveness is seen as a way of practising metta (loving kindness) as it can help a criminal make amends and become a part of society again.
It also helps the victim by letting go of all the anger and hurt in their past. There is a famous story about two monks who encounter each other some years after being released from prison where they had been tortured by their captors. "Have you forgiven them?" asks the first. "I will never forgive them! Never!" replies the second. "Well, I guess they still have you in prison, don't they?" the first says.
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
Which religion believes that only God can truly forgive and he will only forgive those who are truly sorry and intend to do better in future. God is loving and merciful but he is also just; it is not fair to keep forgiving someone who keeps making the same mistakes again.
Humans should also forgive other humans if they ask for forgiveness as this is a good way to bring goodness over evil rather than allowing evil to grow. Their holy book says that they should “pardon each other’s faults” because “do you not wish that God should forgive you?”
Christianity (Christians)
Islam (Muslims)
Buddhism (Buddhists)
Taking into account the information in the last few questions, which religion would you say is the "odd one out" in terms of their beliefs about forgiveness?
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
(a) is a Buddhist festival which remembers the Buddha's Enlightenment. This is the day when Siddhartha Guatama finally realised the truth about how to end suffering. Buddhists reflect by considering his teachings (the four noble truths and the eightfold path) and also celebrate by going to the temple, giving offerings to the monks at a shrine, cleaning and decorating their homes.
_______ ___ remembers the death of the Buddha. This also means it remembers the day he reached Nirvana, which is the end of the constant cycle of death and rebirth. Buddhists use this day to remember friends and relatives who have recently died but they also meditate even more than normal as meditation is one of the ways to ensure that they too will reach Nirvana quicker.
(a)
Which TWO of the following statements are TRUE statements about the Hindu festival of Diwali?
It is celebrated in the Autumn and is known as the festival of light, new beginnings and the triumph of good over evil
It is celebrated in the Spring and is known as the festival of colour, equality and good overcoming evil
Hindus celebrate by throwing powder paint or coloured water at each other and by lighting bonfires with effegies of Prahad's evil aunt on them
Hindus celebrate by lighting candles and oil lamps, having feasts and firework displays and worshipping Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth
Which TWO of the following statements are TRUE statements about the Hindu festival of Holi?
As well as honouring when the gods Rama and Sita escaped the demon king Ravana, it is a time for new beginnings and looking forward. Just as light can get rid of darkness, so too can good get rid of evil.
Some Hindus link it to the god Krishna who, when he was young, liked to play practical jokes such as throwing coloured water over maids or hiding their clothes
Some Hindus link it to Prahad whose father wanted everyone to worship him instead of Vishnu. When Prahlad refused his aunt tried to trick him by sitting in a bonfire but he survived due to a miracle.
Lights and new year link together as the lights are believed to light the way for the goddess of wealth, Lakshmi, so they lights guide her way into their homes to bring blessings for the new year
A Christian celebration
Eid ul Fitr
Eid ul Adha
Both
Neither
A Muslim celebration
Eid ul Fitr
Eid ul Adha
Both
Neither
A very important festival which was started by the Prophet Muhammad himself and is also known as 'The Feast of Breaking the Fast'. This is because it marks the end of Ramadan, when they have been fasting during the daylight hours. In fact, fasting is forbidden on this day!
Eid ul Fitr
Eid ul Adha
Both
Neither
On this day, Muslims are not only celebrating the end of fasting, but also thanking Allah for the Qur'an, which was first revealed towards the end of Ramadan, and for the strength Allah has given them to exercise self-control throughout the previous month of fasting. If necessary, they will ask Allah for forgiveness if they failed to keep the fast at any point.
Eid ul Fitr
Eid ul Adha
Both
Neither
This festival remembers the prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his own son when God ordered him to. Ibrahim had a dream during which Allah asked him to sacrifice his son Ishmael as an act of obedience. He went to do this, and the devil tempted him by saying he should disobey Allah and spare his son. However, Ibrahim didn’t give in to temptation and was prepared to sacrifice his son. As he was just about to do it, Allah performed a miracle and gave him a lamb to sacrifice instead.
Eid ul Fitr
Eid ul Adha
Both
Neither
On this day, Muslims go to the mosque and pray, wear their best clothes and have feasts with family and friends; they also give to the poor.
Eid ul Fitr
Eid ul Adha
Both
Neither
All Muslims aim to celebrate this festival at least once in their lifetimes in Mecca, while on the Hajj pilgrimage. Here they will: watch a real sheep or goat being sacrificed, and the meat shared between the pilgrims and also the poor; stand at the Ka’ba (a huge black stone which is dedicated to Allah and represents worshipping only him) and remember Ibrahim, who built it
Eid ul Fitr
Eid ul Adha
Both
Neither
Which in your opinion, are the TWO most important reasons why religious people have celebrations?
To remember significant rites of passage in the lives of the important people in their faith e.g. births, deaths, enlightenments
To remember other significant events in the history of their religion e.g. Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son, the revelation of the Qur'an, the miracle of Prahad not dying in a fire
To celebrate particular points in the calendar e.g. spring, new year, the end of Ramadan
To annually remember important religious themes such as the victory of good over evil, equality, thanksgiving to God/gods, gratitude for what you have and sympathy for the poor
To annually focus on specific religious beliefs e.g. the Eightfold path, life after death, the importance of Mecca
Which kind of philosopher are you?
A materialist: personal identity and personal continuity are all about the physical. As long as you have the same body and brain, you are still you. There is no such thing as a soul, and when we're dead, we're dead.
A soft materialist: personal identity and continuity are about physical and the spiritual. You need a body and a soul to be you. If there is a life after death, it needs to be a place where both a body and soul can go.
A dualist: personal identity and continuity are only about the physical. You just need your soul to be you; your body is just a temporary house for your body on earth. After death, only your soul needs to live on.
Death is not the end; when humans die, they will live on somewhere else.
All Christians believe this
Some Christians believe this
No Christians believe this
When humans die, they will be judged by God and those who have been good will be rewarded in heaven which is a place of eternal joy and happiness
All Christians believe this
Some Christians believe this
No Christians believe this
When a person dies, they will be physically resurrected. This means God, because he is omnipotent and has already done it once with Jesus, is able to bring people's bodies back to life after burial or cremation and send them to heaven for physical rewards such as delicious food and drink or to hell for physical punishments such as burning fires and torture.
All Christians believe this
Some Christians believe this
No Christians believe this
When a person dies, God gives them a new spiritual body which will never get ill, grow old, feel pain or die again. The rewards of heaven and the punishments of hell are spiritual rewards such as joy and happiness and spiritual suffering such as sadness and loneliness.
All Christians believe this
Some Christians believe this
No Christians believe this
When a person dies, only their soul goes to heaven or hell. Both places are spiritual places where souls can live for eternity.
All Christians believe this
Some Christians believe this
No Christians believe this
When a person dies, their soul is reincarnated into a new body based on whether they had good karma or bad karma.
All Christians believe this
Some Christians believe this
No Christians believe this
Which of the following beliefs are Muslim beliefs about life after death (akhirah)?
Life as a test. Two angels keep a record of a person's thoughts, words and actions. Due to free will, all three are within their control, so it is only fair that when they die, they are judged on them.
When a person dies, the angel of death will arrive. Two angels will arrive and question their souls about their beliefs and actions. Their souls will either sleep comfortably or be tormented until Judgement Day. Barzakh, meaning barrier, describes this period of waiting.
Sometime in the future, an angel will blow a trumpet. There will be a blinding light and the sky will be cut in two. This earth will be destroyed, with the mountains becoming dust and the oceans boiling up. Those still alive will die instantly.
Forty days later, a second trumpet will sound and the bodies of the souls in Barzakh will unite with their souls to face judgement. They will be grouped in the ‘sorting’, each holding a book which is a record of their thoughts, words and actions. A scale will then balance good and bad deeds to decide where they go next.
The Qur'an describes heaven as a magical, mystical place where all wishes/desires are fulfilled and people will never get bored of it. It has beautiful weather, rivers, gardens, creatures to look after them, delicious food and clothes, wine that doesn’t get you drunk. There is no illness, ageing, pain, worrying or dying. To enter, people must walk over a bridge as thin as a hair and as sharp as a knife, which takes them over the fires of hell
All Muslims take these descriptions literally; heaven is exactly like this in reality.
All Muslims think these are just metaphors for how wonderful heaven is, and to emphasise that although it is difficult to get there, it is a reward worth striving for. Heaven itself cannot be reached by any known means, and it is beyond human imagination and understanding.
Some Muslims take the descriptions literally, others see them as metaphors.
The Qur'an says that hell is a fire seventy times hotter than any flame on earth. People will wail in misery and they will experience pain everywhere; boiling water will be poured over their heads, they will be dragged in chains and have black smoke in their eyes. Anyone trying to climb out is pushed back in. It has seven levels - in the worst, skin is burnt off, replaced then burnt off; other punishments include having your head smashed against a boulder, your lips cut off and being shrunk
All Muslims take these descriptions literally; hell is exactly like this in reality.
All Muslims think these are just metaphors for how terrible hell is, and to act as a deterrent to encourage people to behave well to avoid punishment.
Some Muslims take the descriptions literally, others see them as metaphors.
Who is the God / ultimate reality in Hinduism?
(a)
What is the Hindu word for duty?
(a)
Which Hindu term means not harming another living being?
(a)
What is the Hindu word for soul
Atman
Karma
Reincarnation
Samsara
Moksha
Which word means the process of your soul/atman being born into a new life/body when you die?
Atman
Karma
Reincarnation
Samsara
Moksha
Which word means the principle of having a good life due to good past actions or a bad life due to bad past actions?
Atman
Karma
Reincarnation
Samsara
Moksha
Which word refers to the constant cycle of reincarnation i.e. being born, dying, reborn, dying, reborn...?
Atman
Karma
Reincarnation
Samsara
Moksha
Which word means finally breaking free from the cycle of samsara? In other words dying but not coming back in a different life/body but the soul remaining with Brahman for eternity?
Atman
Karma
Reincarnation
Samsara
Moksha
Which religion's beliefs about life after death might influence them to be buried rather than cremated, believe that Jesus really was God in human form, try to behave in a good way and follow the rules of God.
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Which religion's beliefs about life after death might influence them pray five times a day, give to the poor, fast during ramadan and perform hajj at least once in their lifetime?
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Which religion's beliefs about life after death might influence them to perform selfless acts, mediate and stretch, study the Vedas and develop a personal relationship with God through praying and chanting?
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
The rights a person should be entitled to simply because they are a human being, eg education, fair treatment etc are known as what?
(a)
Which TWO of the following statements best explain the relationship between human rights, equality, justice and social justice?
They all mean the same thing - everyone should be treated the same
Human rights and equality are the opposite of justice and social injustice
Equality is the belief that everyone is equal in value and worth. Human Rights are a way of trying to put equality into practice, by making sure all humans have the basics they need.
Justice means fairness, and it is often seen as an action; working to bring justice means fixing something that it unfair. For example, social justice means bringing justice to society.
Freedom of religious expression means the right to freely practise religion without discrimination or punishment; e.g. being able to freely attend your place of worship or being allowed space / time to pray in the workplace.
I don't think that freedom of religious expression should be a human right due to the six scenarios we studied in class e.g. the Christian B&B owners used their religion as a way to go against the human rights of someone else.
I think that freedom of religious expression should be a human right, but it comes with the responsibility to ensure that two other human rights are followed too: the right that says rights should be upheld UNLESS they obstruct or deny the freedom of others
I think that freedom of religious expression should always be given as in the majority of cases it doesn't harm anyone else e.g. wearing a crucifix or hijab
Christians believe that all human life is sacred (holy) and unique. They also believe that all humans are made in the “ (a) of God”. This means that many of the characteristics of God are reflected in humans. As a result, all human life should be treated with dignity and respect.
Christians also try and treat each and every person with agape. This is unconditional and self-giving love; it is the type of love that Jesus showed to others, especially when he gave his life to save others. It is more than just liking someone, and in fact it is something that Christians can and must show, especially if they don’t “like” someone very much. It is the kind of love shown when you do not expect anything in return and it is the word used in the teaching “love your (a) as you love yourself”
Hindus believe that all living things, including human beings, have an atman from Brahman and are therefore of equal worth. In Hindu scriptures it says that Brahman is “equal to all beings: none are hated by me and none are particularly dear”. They believe that treating someone differently based on their birth, skin colour, social or economic status is a negative action that will result in bad (a) .
In which of the following statements have I made a mistake?
Prejudice means having negative thoughts, feelings or beliefs about a person based on a characteristic they have; to prejudge someone. For example, beating someone up for being a homosexual.
Discrimination means the actions that come from prejudiced attitudes; treating people differently. For example, making assumptions about a woman once she has become a mother.
Christians believe that all humans are created in God's image and they should treat others as they would like to be treated. This means they are against prejudice as no one should be treated unfairly.
Hindus believe that all humans have an atman and treating someone unfairly leads to bad karma. This means they are against discrimination because it is wrong to think unfairly of someone if Brahman doesn't.
Poverty means the state of being without the things needed for a reasonable quality of life, so that day-to-day living is a struggle.
Why are some people in poverty?
Born into poverty / upbringing
They struggle to find paid work due to poor health or poor qualifications due to missing a lot of school as a child/teenager.
They are in debt. Some companies exploit this by giving them loans with huge interest rates; this then leads to more debt as they can't pay them off.
60% of people in poverty have a job. However, they are often exploited as they are not paid a fair wage and often they are put in zero hours contracts, meaning they can't budget or save money. Minimum wage jobs are just below the median (average) income in the UK, meaning they are in poverty.
50% of people in poverty are disabled themselves, or are forced to work as an unpaid carer for a disabled relative
Religious people do all of the following actions to help those in poverty. Which do you think would help them the most?
Run charities such as food banks and encourage people to donate to them.
Campaign for all businesses to give everyone a fair wage - this includes no zero hours contract and increasing the minimum wage so that no working person is in poverty.
Campaign against excessive interest on loans so that it is illegal for companies to profit from poverty.
In your opinion, which religious teaching gives the most persuasive argument to help those in poverty?
All humans are made in God's image and should therefore be treated with dignity and respect. This means helping the poor and treating them with dignity, not exploiting them OR patronising them.
Jesus treated everyone he met with agape: unconditional, non-selfish love. It is this kind of love that makes Christians love their neighbour and treat others as they would like to be treated. So the starting point should always be: if I was in poverty, how would I want people to help me?
All humans have an atman from Brahman, meaning they are of equal value and worth. Brahman doesn't hold any humans particularly dear and none are hated by him, so no one "deserves" to be in poverty so should be helped.
Treating someone differently due to their economic status is a negative action that brings bad karma. This includes not paying a fair wage or exploiting them. By contrast, campaigning to end those things brings good karma.
In which of the following explanations have I made a mistake?
Most Christians believe there is nothing wrong with wealth in itself; in fact, it is a gift from God. It is how we get the money and how we use it that matters. It must be earned legally and morally and, if a person has enough to spare, shared with those in poverty.
Most Christians don’t have a problem with low stakes gambling such as buying a lottery ticket or placing a small bet as long as it doesn’t become an addiction. As the national lottery supports so many charities most Christians see it as a good thing for society.
The Bible says that "money is the root of all evil"
The Bible says that “A man’s life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions” meaning there is more to life than money.
In which of the following explanations have I made a mistake?
Some Christians do think that there is something wrong with being wealthy as it can be either an obstacle to faith in God or a distraction from it. This applies even if Christians earn their money through legal and honest means.
The Bible says “It is harder for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than it is for a rich man to enter heaven”
Jesus himself wasn’t rich and his followers were encouraged to give up everything, including their jobs, to follow him.
The Bible says “Do not store up treasures on earth but build them up in heaven”
In which of the following explanations have I made a mistake?
Hindus believe that gaining wealth by honest means is one of the four aims of life. They see it as their dharma (duty) to earn money legally to provide for your family but also give to charity to avoid becoming greedy. They also believe that acting compassion to those who are less fortunate will bring good karma.
The Vedas says that a person might “amass wealth with hundreds of hands” but they should “distribute it with thousands of hands” It also said that if someone hoards all their money rather than giving it to others, it will be the “cause of ruin”
Some Hindus see poverty as a result of negative actions (bad karma) in a past life so they think those in poverty should try to gain good karma to avoid it in the next life.
Hindus therefore believe that as a person is in poverty due to their own bad karma, there is no need to help people in need.
In which of the following explanations have I made a mistake?
Earning money is important but it must be done honestly. This means without cheating or lying, and without harming other human or non-human creatures.
All Hindus believe that living in a state of poverty is an important part of the life an atman lives through just before they reach moksha.
By giving up all of their possessions and wealth, they leave behind all material concerns and focus only on attaining moksha.
Giving to charity is a form of karma yoga, especially if it is given without expectation of return.
