cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture

the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture

Education is a social institution through which a society’s children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms

the learning of academic facts and concepts

the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement

level associated with A-level work a few decades ago

Head Start is a state program that provides academically focused preschool to students of high socioeconomic status

the type of nonacademic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission

an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding

the use of education to improve one’s social standing

classifying students based on academic merit or potential

a formalized sorting system that places students on “tracks” (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities

the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system