3.The purpose of the recount text is to....

Bandung as Sea of Fire was a fire that occurred in the city of Bandung on March 24, 1946. Within seven hours, about 200,000 residents of Bandung burned their homes.

British troops as part of the Brigade MacDonald arrived in Bandung on October 12, 1945. Bandung was deliberately burned by TRI and local people. There were black smoke billowing high into the air everywhere. The British Army began to attack so fierce. The greatest battle happened in the Village name Dayeuh Kolot, in South Bandung, where there were a large ammunition depot belonging to British. In this battle, Barisan Rakyat Indonesia destroyed the ammunition depot.

The strategy to fire Bandung was considered because the power of TRI and people’s militia was not comparable to the British forces and NICA. This incident inspired to create the famous song “Halo, Halo Bandung”.

What is the text about?

Bandung as Sea of Fire was a fire that occurred in the city of Bandung on March 24, 1946. Within seven hours, about 200,000 residents of Bandung burned their homes.

British troops as part of the Brigade MacDonald arrived in Bandung on October 12, 1945. Bandung was deliberately burned by TRI and local people. There were black smoke billowing high into the air everywhere. The British Army began to attack so fierce. The greatest battle happened in the Village name Dayeuh Kolot, in South Bandung, where there were a large ammunition depot belonging to British. In this battle, Barisan Rakyat Indonesia destroyed the ammunition depot.

The strategy to fire Bandung was considered because the power of TRI and people’s militia was not comparable to the British forces and NICA. This incident inspired to create the famous song “Halo, Halo Bandung”.

What happened in Bandung inspired the creation of ...

Bandung as Sea of Fire was a fire that occurred in the city of Bandung on March 24, 1946. Within seven hours, about 200,000 residents of Bandung burned their homes.

British troops as part of the Brigade MacDonald arrived in Bandung on October 12, 1945. Bandung was deliberately burned by TRI and local people. There were black smoke billowing high into the air everywhere. The British Army began to attack so fierce. The greatest battle happened in the Village name Dayeuh Kolot, in South Bandung, where there were a large ammunition depot belonging to British. In this battle, Barisan Rakyat Indonesia destroyed the ammunition depot.

The strategy to fire Bandung was considered because the power of TRI and people’s militia was not comparable to the British forces and NICA. This incident inspired to create the famous song “Halo, Halo Bandung”.

Why was Bandung finally fired?

The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, 17 August 1945.

The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia’s independence in 1949. The Netherlands declared that they had decided to accept de facto 17 August 1945 as Indonesia’s independence date. The United Nations, who mediated in the conflict, formally acknowledge the date of independence as 27 December 1949.

The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day.

What can we conclude from the text?

The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, 17 August 1945.

The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia’s independence in 1949. The Netherlands declared that they had decided to accept de facto 17 August 1945 as Indonesia’s independence date. The United Nations, who mediated in the conflict, formally acknowledge the date of independence as 27 December 1949.

The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day.

"The Netherlands declared that they had decided to accept de facto 17 August 1945 as Indonesia’s independence date."

The word "they" in the above sentence refers to ...

The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, 17 August 1945.

The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia’s independence in 1949. The Netherlands declared that they had decided to accept de facto 17 August 1945 as Indonesia’s independence date. The United Nations, who mediated in the conflict, formally acknowledge the date of independence as 27 December 1949.

The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day.

When did the pro-Dutch civilians officially acknowledge Indonesia's Independence?

The following text is for number 18-20

Chairil Anwar

Chairil Anwar (26 July 1922-28 April1949) was an Indonesia poet and member of the “1945 generation” of writers. He estimated to have written 96 works. including 70 individual poems.

Anwar was born and raised in Medan, North Sumatra, before moving to Batavia with his mother in 1940, where he began to enter the local literary circles. After publishing his first poem in 1942, Anwar continued to write. However, his poems were at times censored by the Japanese, the occupying Indonesia. Living rebelliously, Anwar wrote extensively, often about death. He died in Jakarta because of an unknown Illness.

His work dealt with various themes, including death, individualism, and existentialism, and where often multi-interpretable. Drawing influence from foreign poets, Anwar used everyday language and new syntax to write his poetry, which has been noted as aiding the development of the Indonesian language. His poems were often constructed irregularly, but with individual patterns.

How old is Chairil Anwar when he died?

When all those regional wars of independence failed, Indonesian nationalists began thinking of a more organized struggle against Dutch colonialism. The move began with the founding of Boedi Oetomo by Dr. Soetomo on 20 May 1908. This organization of Indonesian intellectuals was initially set up for educational purposes but later turned into politics.

In 1911, Sarekat Dagang Islam (the Society of Moslem Entrepreneurs) was formed by Haji Samanhudi and others. Its objective was at first to motivate and to promote Indonesian business in the Dutch East Indies. However, in 1912, this organization turned into a political party and was renamed Sarekat Islam.

In December 1912, Partai Indonesia was founded by Douwes Dekker with Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo and Ki Hajar Dewantoro (Suwardi Suryaningrat). The aim of the party was to strive for complete independence of Indonesia. All three leaders of the party were exiled by the colonial government in 1913.

In 1924, Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Indonesia (the Indonesian Students Association) was formed by Drs. Mohammad Hatta, Dr. Sukiman and others. This organization became a driving force of the nationalist movement to gain independence.

What is the text about?

When all those regional wars of independence failed, Indonesian nationalists began thinking of a more organized struggle against Dutch colonialism. The move began with the founding of Boedi Oetomo by Dr. Soetomo on 20 May 1908. This organization of Indonesian intellectuals was initially set up for educational purposes but later turned into politics.

In 1911, Sarekat Dagang Islam (the Society of Moslem Entrepreneurs) was formed by Haji Samanhudi and others. Its objective was at first to motivate and to promote Indonesian business in the Dutch East Indies. However, in 1912, this organization turned into a political party and was renamed Sarekat Islam.

In December 1912, Partai Indonesia was founded by Douwes Dekker with Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo and Ki Hajar Dewantoro (Suwardi Suryaningrat). The aim of the party was to strive for complete independence of Indonesia. All three leaders of the party were exiled by the colonial government in 1913.

In 1924, Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Indonesia (the Indonesian Students Association) was formed by Drs. Mohammad Hatta, Dr. Sukiman and others. This organization became a driving force of the nationalist movement to gain independence.

When was the three leaders of Partai Indonesia exiled by the colonial government?

In 7th-century Arabia, the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, claimed to have received the will of Allah through the angel Gabriel. Muhammad’s revelations (wahyu), eventually collected into an Arabic-language book called the Qur'an (Koran), provided the framework of Islamic governments. To spread the word of Allah, Muhammad instructed his followers to engage in military conquest. Muhammad and his Umayyad and Abbasid successors who occupied the caliphate, the office of supreme leader of the Muslims, spread Islam from India to Spain. The caliphate presided over the Islamic states, whose culture combined Byzantine, Persian, Babylonian, and Indian elements. A key link between them was the Arabic language, which all shared through the Qur’an.

Muslim traders exposed Indians to Islam during the 8th century, a period of anarchy on the Indian subcontinent. During the 11th and 12th centuries Muslim Turks and Afghans repeatedly raided India, destroying Hindu and Buddhist centers, until the founding of the Delhi sultanate in the early 13th century. By the time the Mongols captured Baghdād from the Abbasids in 1258, Islam had already taken root in India. Although slowed by Mongol invasions, the sultanate continued Muslim expansion in India.

What is the text about?

In 7th-century Arabia, the prophet of Islam, Muhammad, claimed to have received the will of Allah through the angel Gabriel. Muhammad’s revelations (wahyu), eventually collected into an Arabic-language book called the Qur'an (Koran), provided the framework of Islamic governments. To spread the word of Allah, Muhammad instructed his followers to engage in military conquest. Muhammad and his Umayyad and Abbasid successors who occupied the caliphate, the office of supreme leader of the Muslims, spread Islam from India to Spain. The caliphate presided over the Islamic states, whose culture combined Byzantine, Persian, Babylonian, and Indian elements. A key link between them was the Arabic language, which all shared through the Qur’an.

Muslim traders exposed Indians to Islam during the 8th century, a period of anarchy on the Indian subcontinent. During the 11th and 12th centuries Muslim Turks and Afghans repeatedly raided India, destroying Hindu and Buddhist centers, until the founding of the Delhi sultanate in the early 13th century. By the time the Mongols captured Baghdād from the Abbasids in 1258, Islam had already taken root in India. Although slowed by Mongol invasions, the sultanate continued Muslim expansion in India.

Why did Muhammad instruct his followers to engage in military conquest?

The Supersemar, the Indonesian abbreviation for “Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret” ( Order of March the Eleventh), was a document signed by the Indonesian President Sukarno on 11 March 1966.

It is said that it was giving the army commander Lt. General Soeharto authority to take whatever measures he ”deemed necessary” to restore order to the chaotic situation during the Indonesian killings of 1965-1966.

The abbreviation of “Supersemar” is a play on the name of Semar, the mystic and powerful figure who commonly appears in Javanese mythology including wayang puppet shows. The invocation of Semar was presumably intended to help draw on Javanese mythology to lend support to Soeharto’s legitimacy during the period of the transition of authority from Soekarno to Soeharto.

What is actually Supersemar?

The Supersemar, the Indonesian abbreviation for “Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret” ( Order of March the Eleventh), was a document signed by the Indonesian President Sukarno on 11 March 1966.

It is said that it was giving the army commander Lt. General Soeharto authority to take whatever measures he ”deemed necessary” to restore order to the chaotic situation during the Indonesian killings of 1965-1966.

The abbreviation of “Supersemar” is a play on the name of Semar, the mystic and powerful figure who commonly appears in Javanese mythology including wayang puppet shows. The invocation of Semar was presumably intended to help draw on Javanese mythology to lend support to Soeharto’s legitimacy during the period of the transition of authority from Soekarno to Soeharto.

It is said that it was…..(second paragraph line 1). What does the word “it” refer to?

On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the United States. It demoralized the spirit of the Japanese army in the world. The following day, The Committee for Indonesian Independence confirmed the wish to achieve the Independence of Indonesia. On August 9, 1945, the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, causing the Japanese surrendered to the United States and its allies.

On 14 August 1945, Japan formally surrendered to the Allies on board the USS Missouri. hearing this,a young group urged elderly to immediately proclaim the independence of Indonesia. However, the elderly did not want group did want to rush. Some consultation was conducted in days of meeting. They then prepared the text of the proclamation of Indonesian Independence.

The next morning ,on 17 August 1945, Soekarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia independence. Then the flag of Indonesia was raised-followed by a speech by Soewirijo, deputy mayor of Jakarta. It was the mark of the The next morning ,on 17 August 1945, Soekarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia independence. Then the flag of Indonesia was raised-followed by a speech by soewirijo, deputy mayor of Jakarta. It was the mark of the independence of a country.

What is the text about?

On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the United States. It demoralized the spirit of the Japanese army in the world. The following day, The Committee for Indonesian Independence confirmed the wish to achieve the Independence of Indonesia. On August 9, 1945, the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, causing the Japanese surrendered to the United States and its allies.

On 14 August 1945, Japan formally surrendered to the Allies on board the USS Missouri. hearing this,a young group urged elderly to immediately proclaim the independence of Indonesia. However, the elderly did not want group did want to rush. Some consultation was conducted in days of meeting. They then prepared the text of the proclamation of Indonesian Independence.

The next morning ,on 17 August 1945, Soekarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia independence. Then the flag of Indonesia was raised-followed by a speech by Soewirijo, deputy mayor of Jakarta. It was the mark of the The next morning ,on 17 August 1945, Soekarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia independence. Then the flag of Indonesia was raised-followed by a speech by soewirijo, deputy mayor of Jakarta. It was the mark of the independence of a country.

When did Indonesian Independence proclamation happen?

On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the United States. It demoralized the spirit of the Japanese army in the world. The following day, The Committee for Indonesian Independence confirmed the wish to achieve the Independence of Indonesia. On August 9, 1945, the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, causing the Japanese surrendered to the United States and its allies.

On 14 August 1945, Japan formally surrendered to the Allies on board the USS Missouri. hearing this,a young group urged elderly to immediately proclaim the independence of Indonesia. However, the elderly did not want group did want to rush. Some consultation was conducted in days of meeting. They then prepared the text of the proclamation of Indonesian Independence.

The next morning ,on 17 August 1945, Soekarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia independence. Then the flag of Indonesia was raised-followed by a speech by Soewirijo, deputy mayor of Jakarta. It was the mark of the The next morning ,on 17 August 1945, Soekarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia independence. Then the flag of Indonesia was raised-followed by a speech by soewirijo, deputy mayor of Jakarta. It was the mark of the independence of a country.

What is not the background event?

On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the United States. It demoralized the spirit of the Japanese army in the world. The following day, The Committee for Indonesian Independence confirmed the wish to achieve the Independence of Indonesia. On August 9, 1945, the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, causing the Japanese surrendered to the United States and its allies.

On 14 August 1945, Japan formally surrendered to the Allies on board the USS Missouri. hearing this,a young group urged elderly to immediately proclaim the independence of Indonesia. However, the elderly did not want group did want to rush. Some consultation was conducted in days of meeting. They then prepared the text of the proclamation of Indonesian Independence.

The next morning ,on 17 August 1945, Soekarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia independence. Then the flag of Indonesia was raised-followed by a speech by Soewirijo, deputy mayor of Jakarta. It was the mark of the The next morning ,on 17 August 1945, Soekarno read the text of the proclamation of Indonesia independence. Then the flag of Indonesia was raised-followed by a speech by soewirijo, deputy mayor of Jakarta. It was the mark of the independence of a country.

What happened before 14 August 1945?

Indonesia's first president was Muhammad Hatta