WorksheetsMid - Spring Checkpoint
Total questions: 188
Worksheet time: 2hrs 34mins
This 1972 poster depicts an organization originally formed to advocate —
publicly funded health care for children
better economic treatment of migrant workers
a retirement system for farm laborers
equal employment opportunities for women
The participants in this week’s antidraft demonstration . . . are . . . students or young men . . . who are working within a coalition . . . which calls itself the Stop the Draft Week Committee. . . .
—Douglas Robinson, New York Times, December 6, 1967
The demonstration described in this article was most likely prompted by —
renewed diplomatic relations with communist China
escalated deployment of military forces to Vietnam
the signing of the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The introduction of vaccines to the United States helped —
limit the risk in consuming imported produce
improve the hygiene of medical procedures
improve the quality of the water supply
limit the spread of infectious diseases
Why did the federal government create this program in 1933?
To establish industrial centers in the region
To promote organic farming practices
To offset the effects of urbanization and rapid population growth
To provide jobs and improve the regional standard of living
Jackie Robinson first rose to national prominence in the late 1940s when he —
organized sit-ins to desegregate lunch counters
enrolled in the racially segregated University of Mississippi
helped bring an end to racial segregation in Major League Baseball
participated in the Freedom Rides to desegregate interstate bus terminals
Senator Joseph McCarthy is best known for his involvement in —
the war effort of the 1940s
the Red Scare of the 1950s
the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s
the political scandals of the 1970s
For the purpose of enabling each State to furnish financial assistance, as far as practicable under the conditions in such State, to aged needy individuals, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated . . . for each fiscal year a sum sufficient to carry out the purposes of this title.
—Social Security Act of 1935, Title 1, Section 1
It allowed the government to tax investment income.
It allowed people to have more direct input in government decisions.
It made most people distrust the power of the government.
It made the government more responsible for the people’s economic welfare.
The government issued ration books during World War II in order to —
provide financial security for uninsured citizens
safeguard the profits of struggling businesses
ensure the fair distribution of scarce goods
allow consumers to buy imported goods at discounted rates
To His Excellency William McKinley, President, and the Senate, of the United States of America . . . We, the undersigned, native Hawaiian citizens . . . who are members of the Hawaiian Patriotic League of the Hawaiian Islands, and others who are in sympathy with the said League, earnestly protest against the . . . [addition] of the said Hawaiian Islands to the said United States of America in any form or shape.
— Petition, 1897
What were these Hawaiian citizens protesting?
The forced annexation of the islands as a U.S. territory after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy
The classification of the islands as a protectorate after the Hawaiian government signed a treaty with the United States
The granting of U.S. statehood to the islands after they were purchased from the Hawaiian monarch
The colonization of the islands by political refugees from the United States
Which of these was a major goal of Jane Addams’s Settlement House movement in Chicago?
The founding of women’s colleges
The introduction of prison reform
The assimilation of immigrants
The establishment of public libraries
Chronic wrongdoing, . . . which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing . . . to the exercise of an international police power.
—President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904
President Roosevelt issued this statement in response to —
the construction of a canal in Panama
the threat of European intervention in Latin America
Spanish efforts to suppress a rebellion in Cuba
public outcry regarding war between Russia and Japan
During the nineteenth century, one way political bosses gained voter support was by —
campaigning for women’s suffrage
advocating the use of poll taxes
making improvements in urban infrastructure
providing public assistance for former slaves
Which outcome was an important effect of the 1898 event illustrated by this map?
Increased U.S. foreign aid to the developing countries in South America
Increased U.S. public support for the construction of a canal through Central America
Decreased U.S. economic influence in the Western Hemisphere
Decreased U.S. naval presence in the Caribbean Sea
Most states allow citizens to vote in elections after presenting a voter-registration card. Some federal legislators attempted to pass a bill requiring another form of identification for voting. Some citizens who opposed this proposed bill solicited donations and hired someone to talk to members of Congress on their behalf. The hired representative met with the members of Congress and attempted to persuade them to vote against the bill.
What type of political activity is described in this scenario?
Protesting
Boycotting
Lobbying
Recalling
Which of these is an effect rock and roll had on society in the United States in the 1950s?
It reminded people of prewar days.
It contributed to a cultural divide between generations.
It increased the fear of communist expansion.
It promoted values learned during times of economic hardship.
During the 1920s, what was one result of innovations in U.S. transportation technology?
Commercial airplanes replaced ocean liners as the primary means of travel to Europe.
Mass-produced automobiles made travel more affordable for many people.
Cable cars provided a comfortable means of quick travel to any city within a state.
Container ships delivered agricultural goods to ports along the Pacific coast.
This is a cross-sectional diagram of a major operation ordered by President Harry S. Truman in 1948. The flight pattern illustrated in the diagram was designed to allow an airplane to land every three minutes. Why was this operation undertaken?
To enable a rapid withdrawal of troops from a war-torn city
To deploy substantial invasion forces
To provide supplies to a blockaded city
To rescue thousands of stranded political refugees
Under the U.S. Constitution, the government may not take private property unless —
the land requires extensive restoration
the government determines that the land is critical to developers’ profits
the landowner refuses to build a home on the land
the government pays the owner fair compensation for the land
Upon entering World War I, the United States enlarged its military by —
creating the Veterans Administration
passing the Selective Service Act
enacting the GI Bill
establishing the Marine Corps
How did the publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle contribute to a change in the relationship between government and business?
Federal troops were mobilized to break strikes by labor unions.
Government regulations requiring the inspection of food products were implemented.
Congress created a regulatory agency to audit railroads.
Laws were enacted that banned private companies from discriminating when hiring.
This satirical cartoon expresses a sentiment that eventually contributed to —
the passage of a federal statute prohibiting foreign companies from contributing to presidential campaigns
the issuance of a Supreme Court ruling declaring it unconstitutional for members of the same political party to serve consecutive terms as president
the establishment of a congressional committee to investigate private presidential conduct
the ratification of a constitutional amendment establishing term limits for presidents
The skill and courage of the Tuskegee Airmen served to —
give the United States an advantage in military encryption
encourage immigrant enlistment in the U.S. Army during World War II
decrease opposition to integrating the armed forces
increase the number of women joining the U.S. military during World War II
During the 1920s, Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan were most closely identified with the —
increased use of credit by U.S. consumers
development of new forms of popular entertainment
decline of public support for Progressive reforms
conflict between modernism and traditionalism
The Federal Housing Administration is a New Deal agency that continues to assist many Americans primarily by —
providing them with money to pay for moving expenses
helping them obtain mortgage loans from banks
helping them choose a reputable home builder
offering incentives for them to invest in rental properties
Why did the United States adopt the motto In God We Trust in 1956?
To honor the financial and societal contributions of various religious organizations
To distinguish the nation from countries that restricted religious practices
To commemorate the social changes introduced by Christian leaders
To encourage the growth of religious institutions throughout the country
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminated —
barriers to voting for women
literacy tests as prerequisites for voting
proof of residency as a condition for voting
age discrimination in state voting laws
Decline in worldwide trade.
Bank failures
_________?
What above is missing that lead to the Great Depression?
Increase in consumer spending
Over speculation in the stock market
Decrease in military spending
Government subsidization of agriculture
The opponents of . . . recall, however they may phrase their opposition, in reality believe the people can not be trusted. On the other hand, those of us who espouse these measures do so because of our deep-rooted belief in popular government, and not only in the right of the people to govern, but in their ability to govern; and this leads us logically to the belief that if the people have the right, the ability, and the intelligence to elect, they have as well the right, ability, and intelligence to reject or to recall. . . .
— California governor Hiram Johnson, inaugural address, 1911
The reform discussed by Governor Johnson in this excerpt —
required elected officials to communicate regularly with the public
provided citizens with more resources to run for office
made elected officials more directly accountable to their constituents
created new eligibility requirements for candidates for public office
Which of these resulted from the prohibition of alcohol during the 1920s?
A decline in immigration rates
A growing fear of communism
The expansion of the consumer economy
The rise of organized crime
This cover from a nineteenth-century periodical helps illustrate that the United States was beginning to change from —
a mostly rural society to a mostly urban one
a slave-owning society to one without slavery
a foreign policy of isolationism to one of interventionism
a direct democracy to a representative one
Statement 1: The U.S. oil industry boomed due to oil deposits found in conquered territories.
Statement 2: Rebuilding its devastated army cost the United States an enormous amount of money.
Statement 3: The acquisition of new territories allowed for the expansion of U.S. commercial trade.
Statement 4: Territorial losses forced the United States to purchase expensive natural resources from other countries.
Which statement would most likely be found in a history of the economic impact of the Spanish-American War on the United States?
Statement 1
Statement 2
Statement 3
Statement 4
Warfare During the First World War
______?
Soldiers dug trenches.
The two aspects of warfare during WWI lead to - A stalemate developed along the western front.
Which action is missing from above?
Submarines attacked unarmed ships.
Armored tanks crossed fortified lines.
The use of machine guns resulted in massive casualties.
Airplanes conducted reconnaissance missions.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to reassure the American public during uncertain economic times by —
publishing a weekly news editorial titled “The Road to Prosperity and Peace”
holding weekly town-hall meetings with average citizens
making short appearances in a variety of Hollywood films
delivering a series of evening radio speeches known as fireside chats
How does the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona continue to affect society?
People accused of a crime have the right to be tried by a jury of their peers.
Election officials monitor polling sites during elections.
Federal agencies use affirmative-action guidelines.
People accused of a crime must be informed of their constitutional rights.
During the Gilded Age there was a notable increase in federal support for —
the growth of big business
involvement in foreign wars
the acquisition of foreign territories
increased temperance regulations
Daily News
Atomic Bombs Dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What was the main effect of the event reported in this headline?
The Soviet Union invaded Japan to gain access to natural resources.
The United States initiated the Marshall Plan to help with the rebuilding of Japan.
Germany surrendered to the Allies and promised to help in the fight against Japan.
World War II ended with Japan surrendering to the Allies.
In the late 1800s, the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson —
established a legal remedy for victims of discrimination
created a legal justification for segregation laws
affirmed the legality of federal regulation of state elections
recognized public protests as a legal form of civil disobedience
Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully . . . utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States . . . shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. . . .
—Espionage Act, May 1918
This law demonstrates that at one time the federal government was willing to —
suspend habeas corpus
confiscate privately owned weapons
force people into internment camps
suspend freedom of speech
Which group of people most likely inspired the creation of this 1893 cartoon?
Union leaders
Philanthropists
Political bosses
Nativists
Last Thursday I described the American form of Government as a three horse team provided by the Constitution to the American people so that their field might be plowed. The three horses are, of course, the three branches of government—the Congress, the Executive and the Courts. Two of the horses are pulling in unison today; the third is not.
—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937
Many members of Congress disagreed with President Roosevelt’s proposed solution to the problem described above because —
the Constitution required hearings to confirm judicial appointments
Supreme Court justices were subject to term limits
the power of the executive branch would increase
the time required for judicial proceedings would increase
General John J. Pershing made a major contribution to the Allied victory in World War I by —
transforming inexperienced troops into an effective military force
developing advanced technologies for battlefield use
requesting humanitarian aid from Congress for war-torn countries
negotiating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
A student learning about U.S. history is instructed to write a paper about W. E. B. Du Bois and race relations in the United States. Which of the following facts would be most relevant to the student’s assignment?
The Selma-to-Montgomery protest marches helped secure voting rights for minority citizens.
The NAACP was organized to help secure full legal equality for minority citizens.
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 outlawed many forms of discrimination in the housing market.
The March on Washington helped rally nationwide support for the Civil Rights movement.
The Daily Star
Japanese Forces Occupy Bataan Peninsula
Many of the U.S. soldiers involved in the event mentioned in this headline —
remained in trenches and resisted the Japanese invasion
were exchanged for Japanese prisoners of war
escaped and were redeployed to the European theater
died during a forced march to a prison camp in the Philippines
The conflict is still sharpening throughout the world between two political systems. The one system represents government by freedom of choice exercised by the individual citizens. In the other, and opposing system, individual freedom and initiative are all made subordinate to the totalitarian state.
—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1938
What was the ultimate result of the situation President Roosevelt refers to in this excerpt?
A surge of social unrest in South America
The outbreak of World War II
A shift in favor of the policy of appeasement
The overthrow of the monarchy in Russia
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. . . .
— 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
What was one way the constitutional amendment excerpted above helped advance the cause of gender equality?
It gave women a greater opportunity to influence government.
It gave women new economic rights, such as property ownership.
It established the idea that women should contribute to all sectors of the economy.
It contributed to a long-term decline in the number of men voting in elections.
Which of the following was the main reason for the rapid settlement of the Great Plains during the late 1800s?
Congress passed a law requiring all public lands to be sold at auction.
Congress passed a law allowing people to claim public land and convert it to private property through homesteading.
Speculators bought large parcels of land and then built factory towns to attract new immigrants.
Native Americans sold most of their tribal lands directly to railroad companies.
During the 1950s the federal government funded educational initiatives in math and science in response to —
the development of the ENIAC computer
the announcement of international education guidelines
the successful launch of the first artificial satellite
the discovery of new chemical elements
How did the Zimmermann telegram influence U.S. entry into World War I?
It announced the czar’s overthrow in Russia.
It revealed a proposed military alliance between Mexico and Germany.
It contained orders for German U-boats to destroy British passenger ships.
It described Romania’s plan to abandon neutrality.
The creator of this political cartoon was expressing his concerns about —
the Senate confirmation hearings of Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas
the U.S. declaration of war on Japan after the bombing of Pearl Harbor
the expansion of executive power during the Great Depression
the involvement of U.S. government officials in the Iran-Contra scandal
What was a primary purpose of the program being promoted by this poster?
To encourage women to join the workforce
To reduce health problems among working women
To promote the purchase of organically grown produce
To increase the food supply during a farm-labor shortage
Founded in 1913 as the Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage (CU), the National Woman’s Party (NWP) was instrumental in raising public awareness of the women’s suffrage campaign. . . . The NWP effectively commanded the attention of politicians and the public through its aggressive agitation, relentless lobbying, clever publicity stunts, and creative examples of civil disobedience and nonviolent confrontation.
—Library of Congress
The political activism of the group described in the excerpt contributed directly to —
the elimination of poll taxes
the repeal of the 18th Amendment
the outlawing of child labor
the ratification of the 19th Amendment
In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms.
—Chief Justice Earl Warren, 1954
Which action occurred as a result of the Supreme Court decision excerpted above?
The requirement of equal access to school facilities for disabled students
The expansion of science in school curricula
The implementation of requirements for federal certification of private-school teachers
The desegregation of public schools
The Roaring Twenties were characterized by —
internment camps, the rationing of goods, and the first use of an atomic bomb
bank failures, the New Deal, and bread lines
installment plans, Prohibition, and flappers
brinkmanship, McCarthyism, and a policy of containment
How did the military innovation shown in this photograph affect the course of World War I?
It helped transport large numbers of troops to the battlefield.
It helped break the stalemate of trench warfare.
It made communications with officers on the front lines possible.
It made the use of land mines obsolete.
America’s present need is not heroics but healing; . . . not revolution but restoration; . . . not submergence in internationality but sustainment in triumphant nationality.
—Warren G. Harding, presidential campaign speech,
1920
This excerpt illustrates Harding’s campaign promise to be a president who would —
help the country recover from the turmoil of the previous decade
refuse to allow the continuation of laissez-faire economic policies
use diplomacy to establish alliances with other countries
improve economic growth by promoting unrestricted immigration
Which of the following was a major contribution of the Harlem Renaissance to U.S. culture?
It led to the increased popularity of vaudeville stage performers.
It brought the most significant beat poets together.
It established jazz as a prominent musical form.
It focused attention on the antiwar literary genre.
You, Mr. President, are not declaring a quarantine, but rather are setting forth an ultimatum and threatening that if we do not give in to your demands you will use force.
—Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev, letter to President John F. Kennedy, October 24, 1962
Which U.S. action is Khrushchev challenging in this excerpt?
Preventing Soviet advisors from meeting with revolutionaries in South America
Establishing a naval blockade to stop the shipment of missiles to Cuba
Enforcing a ban on military aid to communist forces in North Vietnam
Conducting air shipments of vital supplies to East Berlin
How did President Harry S. Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bomb affect international relations?
It initiated the arms race with the Soviet Union.
It prompted other nations to begin investigations of war crimes.
It enabled the United Nations to administer territory in Japan.
It led to the establishment of the first global peacekeeping force.
When citizens can only meet in public for certain purposes, they regard such meetings as a strange proceeding of rare occurrence, and they rarely think at all about it. When they are allowed to meet freely for all purposes, they ultimately look upon public association as the universal, or in a manner the sole, means which men can employ to accomplish the different purposes they may have in view.
—Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1840
Which value is best reflected in this excerpt?
Liberty
Populism
Laissez-faire
Egalitarianism
Picture of a Young Man Planning a Successful Future!
Success doesn’t just happen to a company or to an individual. Success comes as a result of clear thinking and long-range planning. And that is just what the young engineer in the picture is doing. He is studying the many possibilities of a career in guided missiles.
Jobs such as the ones described in this 1956 advertisement became available because —
federal law required private businesses to recruit for the military
weak college programs had produced few scientists qualified for high-level research
Cold War defense programs had spurred technological innovation
most U.S. citizens opposed the development of atomic weapons
Which of the following occurred as a result of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Workers secured a greater share of company profits.
The influence of labor unions on factory owners was reduced.
The federal government could dissolve business monopolies.
Businesses were required to pay fees to open overseas locations.
No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent is of such consequence to the American people as the building of a canal across the Isthmus connecting North and South America. Its importance to the Nation is by no means limited merely to its material effects upon our business prosperity. . . . —President Theodore Roosevelt
The policy outlined in the excerpt was directly influenced by problems that the U.S. Navy had recently confronted during —
the Cuban Revolution
the Mexican War
World War I
the Spanish-American War
In January 1932 Congress approved the formation of an independent government agency called the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). The RFC was funded by the U.S. Treasury and was authorized to make loans to banks, railroads, life insurance companies, and other large businesses devastated by the Great Depression. President Herbert Hoover believed that funds disbursed through the RFC would eventually benefit the average citizen through job growth, higher wages, and the protection of bank accounts and insurance policies.
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation is similar to later New Deal legislation in that both —
protected the economy through government intervention in private business
gave direct relief payments to unemployed citizens
provided more efficient services through public utility regulation
borrowed money from foreign banks to reduce the national debt
What role did Arkansas governor Orval Faubus play in the Little Rock Crisis?
He vetoed legislation to establish a separate school system for whites and blacks.
He challenged the authority of the federal government to desegregate schools.
He helped minimize race-related violence by establishing integrated advisory groups.
He refused assistance from the federal government to improve minority graduation rates.
We are not now required to ascertain the scope of the phrase “general welfare of the United States” or to determine whether an appropriation in aid of agriculture falls within it. Wholly apart from that question, another principle embedded in our Constitution prohibits the enforcement of the Agricultural Adjustment Act. . . . It is a statutory plan to regulate and control agricultural production, a matter beyond the powers delegated to the federal government.
—United States v. Butler, 1936
Which constitutional amendment did the Supreme Court use as a basis of this ruling?
First
Tenth
Fourteenth
Twenty-sixth
What was the primary reason for U.S. involvement in East Asia during the early 1950s?
North Korean attempts to unify the peninsula challenged the U.S. policy of containment.
Communities in Korea needed humanitarian aid due to a famine.
International groups needed help investigating North Korean officials charged with corruption.
Democratic reformers sought help from the U.S. military to overthrow dictatorial regimes in Korea.
“The Quicker and Harder, the Better”
Cartoons such as this one took the position that deportation was necessary because —
assimilation programs in the United States had been unsuccessful
economic decline had increased the competition for jobs
communists were infiltrating the United States
political machines had too much power in urban areas
Which pull factor contributed to the Great Migration?
The availability of land grants for homesteaders
Economic opportunities in industrialized cities
Better soil conditions in previously uncultivated areas
The lower cost of living in urban areas
Why did the Populist Party want free coinage of silver?
To increase the amount of money in circulation
To reduce economic inflation
To raise campaign contribution limits
To decrease the bargaining power of labor unions
How did the person named in this 1909 handbill work to improve the lives of African Americans?
By organizing voter-registration drives for African Americans
By supporting the formation of labor unions by African American workers
By promoting vocational training for African Americans
By organizing boycotts of businesses that refused service to African Americans
There is a solidarity and interdependence about the modern world . . . which makes it impossible for any nation completely to isolate itself from economic and political upheavals in the rest of the world, especially when such upheavals appear to be spreading and not declining. . . . International anarchy destroys every foundation for peace. It jeopardizes . . . the future security of every nation, large or small. It is, therefore, a matter of vital interest and concern to the people of the United States that the sanctity of international treaties and the maintenance of international morality be restored.
—President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1937
President Roosevelt later used similar reasoning as one justification for —
the implementation of the Marshall Plan
dropping atomic bombs on Japan
U.S. involvement in World War II
U.S. participation in the League of Nations
Which of these contributed to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment?
Veteran soldiers protesting to obtain benefits
The growing political influence of women
Politicians campaigning for education reform
The growing number of workers organizing into labor unions
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Purpose: To protect U.S. agriculture and industry from foreign competition
Outcome: ?
Which of the following best completes this?
Led to a decrease in U.S. international trade
Helped stabilize the U.S. economy
Strengthened U.S. relationships overseas
Led to a decline in U.S. unemployment
The President’s Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity established by this order is directed immediately to scrutinize and study employment practices of the Government of the United States, and to consider and recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination within the executive branch of the Government.
—President John F. Kennedy, Executive Order 10925, 1961
The primary objective of the executive order excerpted here was to —
establish a time line for eliminating segregated facilities in government buildings
reduce the fines paid by corporations for discriminatory hiring practices
promote fair employment practices in government agencies
establish hiring quotas for female workers in private corporations
Nineteenth-century nativist organizations advocated —
limiting federal military power through the organization of local militias
conserving natural resources through the creation of national parks
globalizing the economy through participation in free-trade agreements
promoting an ethnically homogeneous society through restrictions on immigration
Daily News 1960
Sit-in Protest at Woolworth’s Lunch Counter in Greensboro, N.C.
Daily News 1961
Freedom Rides Begin from Washington, D.C.
Daily News 1963
250,000 Participate in March on Washington
What was the main result of the events referred to in these headlines?
The growth of insurance and welfare programs for elderly citizens
The growth of radical political parties on the East Coast
The expansion of political and economic opportunities for minority citizens
The expansion of economic cooperation between northern and southern states
Onset of World War II - leads to - Acceleration of the Manhattan Project
This diagram indicates that during World War II the federal government —
provided technological training for soldiers on the battlefield
developed a new weapon designed to gain a strategic advantage over enemies
instituted a disaster-preparedness program for the civilian population
nationalized industries considered essential to national security
In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note . . . that all men . . . would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . . . Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check. . . . We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so we’ve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and security of justice.
—“I Have a Dream,” Martin Luther King, Jr., 1963
What is a major result of the campaign described by Martin Luther King, Jr.?
The national identity of the United States has become more inclusive.
The ideal of religious freedom is accepted throughout the United States.
There is a larger gap in the standard of living between rich and poor citizens.
There are fewer citizens who support the practice of civil disobedience.
The 1943 Hollywood movie Song of Russia was produced with the encouragement of the Office of War Information (OWI). At the time the movie was made, the United States and the Soviet Union were allies in the fight against Nazi Germany. The movie tells the story of an American conductor who falls in love with a Russian pianist just before World War II. Together they spend time in an idealized version of the Soviet Union. When the Nazis invade, they join Soviet villagers in the resistance.
Which group later investigated the political ideology and actions of many people associated with this film?
The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
The Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services
The House Un-American Activities Committee
The Motion Picture Association of America
What was one reason for the expansion of machine politics in the late nineteenth century?
The rapid influx of immigrants made it difficult for local governments to provide basic services.
Federal restrictions prevented voters from influencing government decisions at the local level.
The economy was too tightly regulated to allow urban growth.
Settlement houses failed to help immigrants adjust to life in the city.
What is one ongoing result of the New Deal?
The federal government funds a space-exploration program.
State governments deny residency to persons working in other states.
State governments use property taxes to fund social security programs.
People can rely more on the federal government during times of economic distress.
The ideas contained in the Declaration of Independence helped —
motivate European rulers to establish new colonies
inspire people in other countries to question the authority of their government
encourage new settlers in South America to assimilate native populations
persuade religious leaders in other countries to stop the persecution of non-Christians
Selected Events in the History of Ford Motor Company
1908 Ford begins manufacturing the Model T.
1913 Ford introduces the first moving automobile assembly line.
1914 The Ford Motor Company doubles worker pay to $5.00 a day and cuts the length of a shift from nine hours to eight.
1921 The Ford Motor Company accounts for 55 percent of the automotive industry’s total production.
How did the events on this time line affect U.S. businesses?
Profit sharing became a standard practice for industrial corporations.
Monopolistic practices were abolished by federal legislation.
Mass-manufacturing techniques were adopted to maximize production.
Retirement plans were guaranteed to factory workers.
Although the women of America are one step nearer to nylon stockings as a result of new ceiling price schedules . . . , the prospect of “nylons for Christmas,” except for a favored few, is not good, hosiery manufacturers said yesterday.
—“Outlook Is Gloomy for Christmas Nylons,” New York Times, November 10, 1945
This excerpt suggests that U.S. consumers were affected by —
labor union disputes during the Great Depression
continued supply shortages after World War II
the adoption of worldwide tariffs after World War II
the closure of textile plants during the Great Depression
The creation of initiative, referendum, and recall procedures during the Progressive Era resulted in —
a system of separate schools for new immigrants
the expansion of citizens’ direct participation in the democratic process
a redistribution of the tax burden among citizens
more sources of revenue for state governments
Cause ?
U.S. control of the Philippines, Cuban independence, U.S. control of Puerto Rico, U.S. control of Guam
Effect ?
Which sentence provides information needed to complete both the cause and effect portions of this diagram?
The 1898 Spanish-American War led to world power status for the United States.
The 1914 opening of the Panama Canal encouraged international trade.
The 1919 Treaty of Versailles contributed to the start of World War II in Europe.
The 1929 stock-market crash set off the Great Depression in the United States.
In 1997, Vernon Baker was awarded the Medal of Honor. How was this award historically significant?
Baker was the first U.S. naval officer to be honored for bravery in combat.
Baker was the only living African American veteran of World War II ever to receive the medal.
Baker commanded the first Marine brigade to land at Normandy during World War II.
Baker was the only recipient to serve in both World War I and World War II.
The Twenty-second Amendment was passed in response to which event?
The election of Franklin D. Roosevelt to a fourth presidential term
Herbert Hoover’s reelection defeat
Bill Clinton’s impeachment trial
The resignation of Richard Nixon after Watergate
Which of the following was a defining characteristic of the United States during the 1930s?
A sharp increase in the power given to state governments
An extended period of economic depression
The adoption of an interventionist foreign policy
The formation of a national Civil Rights movement
Militant Americanism was dominant in Washington today—in those quarters of the capital where action counts in this perilous time. By one bold strike President Wilson had emboldened the timid, scattered his enemies, and brought honest critics to his side. The exposure of the German Government’s attempt to line up Japan and Mexico with Germany in a war against the United States caused hesitating Senators and Representatives to come out in the open with declarations of support of the President and his method of dealing with the German submarine menace. While the international situation is more critical, the atmosphere has been cleared of doubt and misunderstanding, and Germany’s enmity is now clearly revealed.
—New York Times, March 2, 1917
What was one result of the events reported in the excerpt above?
Germany financed the Mexican army’s attempted invasion of the United States.
The U.S. government abandoned its official policy of neutrality.
Germany’s navy blockaded several Mexican seaports.
The U.S. government boycotted goods imported from Europe.
Which civic action demonstrates the most fundamental responsibility of citizens in a democracy?
Volunteering at a community food bank
Signing a petition on a college campus
Registering with the Selective Service
Voting in a presidential election
How were the Navajo words used during World War II?
As propaganda to improve morale among Allied soldiers
As a secret code for communicating battle plans between Allied units
As signal words for Allied spies posing as civilians
As a language of diplomacy for exchanges with enemy forces
The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, later renamed the March of Dimes, was established in 1938 and . . . was a grassroots campaign run primarily by volunteers. Over the years, millions of people gave small amounts of money to support both the care of people who got ______1_____ and research into prevention and treatment. Those contributions financed Jonas Salk, Albert Sabin, and the other researchers who developed the . . . ______2_____ that children around the world receive today.
—“March of Dimes,” National Museum of American History, www.americanhistory.si.edu/ (accessed July 19, 2012)
Which words correctly complete this excerpt?
1: chicken pox, 2: antibiotics
1: tuberculosis, 2: iron lung treatment
1: polio, 2: vaccines
1: whooping cough, 2: serum
Which of these factors contributed most to the Dust Bowl?
Flash flooding and intense deforestation
Prolonged drought and poor farming practices
High winds and railroad construction
Severe heat and rapid suburban development
• Food Stamp Act of 1964
• Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965
• Child Nutrition Act of 1966
The passage of the pieces of legislation in this list resulted in —
the regulation of cabinet-level agencies
federal guarantees of income
limitations on government expenditures
the creation of programs to alleviate poverty
Spark-Plug Installation on Dive Bombers, 1943
This photograph best illustrates the need in 1943 to —
maintain the country’s military and industrial production levels
increase the regulatory power of the War Production Board
outlaw closed-shop and collective-bargaining practices by labor unions
increase federal funding for the Manhattan Project
Puerto Rico
• ?
• Residents granted U.S. citizenship in 1917
• Governors have been elected by popular vote since 1948
• Adopted both a constitution and commonwealth status in 1952 ?
Which of the following best replaces the question mark in this list of information about Puerto Rico?
Became a U.S. state during the Reconstruction era
Was ceded to the United States as a result of the Spanish-American War
Signed an annexation treaty with the United States after World War I
Was promised U.S. military protection as part of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Navajo soldiers made an important contribution to the Allied war effort during World War II by —
designing radar technology for submarines
flying bombing missions into enemy territory
encoding military communications for secure transmission
providing intelligence on enemy positions
There is hereby created [an agency] . . . , which purpose is to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.
—Mission statement for the_______?________ , 1916
Which agency name belongs on the blank line?
U.S. Geological Survey
National Park Service
Bureau of Reclamation
U.S. Border Patrol
The rights of citizens under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution were violated by the U.S. government when it authorized the establishment of —
internment camps for Japanese Americans
the Office of War Mobilization
nuclear test sites in Nevada
the Office of Price Administration
T. A. Edison Electric-Lamp Patent, 1880
How did the invention shown in this patent illustration affect industry?
Machines needed to be repaired less frequently
Products could be manufactured on an assembly line.
Businesses needed to hire skilled workers.
Factories could extend working hours.
During the Progressive Era, one goal of state-level political reformers was to —
prevent party leaders from amending campaign platforms
increase the influence of business owners on regulatory legislation
promote the principle of direct democracy
limit the use of judicial review by circuit courts
Which of the following was a direct result of the 1957 launch of Sputnik 1?
The United States began a period of technology sharing with the Soviet Union.
The U.S. government founded a federal agency dedicated to space exploration.
The Soviet Union was unable to collect images of the United States from space.
The Soviet government collapsed because of economic competition.
During the Civil Rights movement, the Black Panther Party’s tactics differed from those of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., because the Black Panthers called for —
the use of the court system to gain equality
respecting government authority
the use of armed resistance if necessary
enduring injustice through religious faith
Bread Line in New York City, 1932
Lines like the one shown above were partially the result of —
growing demand for payment of military pensions
a sudden increase in agricultural exports
the passage of the Selective Service Act
widespread business failures
As a result of the Berlin Airlift, the United States was able to —
bypass a Soviet blockade without provoking a military conflict
transport Polish refugees to safety
prevent the Nazi Party from reorganizing
intimidate Soviet leaders by demonstrating superior military power
And shortly afterward . . . a physician, made the discovery that the carcasses of steers which had been condemned as tubercular by the government inspectors . . . were left upon an open platform and carted away to be sold in the city. . . .
—Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906
Public response to revelations such as the one in this excerpt led to the establishment of regulations that were eventually enforced by the —
Food and Drug Administration
Centers for Disease Control
Department of Commerce
Institution of Education Sciences
Which of the following contributed most to increased settlement of the Great Plains?
The availability of buffalo
The discovery of precious metals
A series of federal land grants
A decrease in agricultural production
The USS Maine sinks in Havana Harbor.
The U.S. Congress declares war.
The Treaty of Paris is signed.
How did these events affect the United States?
They increased public support for cuts in U.S. defense spending.
They prompted the end of Dollar Diplomacy in Latin America.
They set a precedent of including territorial acquisitions in settlements.
They helped establish the United States as an imperial power similar to European nations.
Which headline describes a consequence of the Teapot Dome scandal?
Daily News
Washington Conference Limits Warship Building
Daily News
Palmer Raids Lead to Arrest of Communists
Daily News
Prohibition Amendment Repealed
Daily News
Cabinet Member Jailed for Corruption
What prompted Congress to pass the War Powers Resolution?
Rulings issued by the Supreme Court that banned deployment of U.S. combat forces without a declaration of war
Fears that renewed conflict in the Middle East would require the United States to defend Israel
Decisions made by the executive branch during the Korean and Vietnam Wars
Limits on the authority of the chief executive imposed by an international tribunal
“They wanted us out of the country. I didn’t understand why when we’d been born here.” . . . Emilia Castaneda was born in Los Angeles of Mexican parents. In 1935, she and her father and brother were forced to board a train bound for Mexico.
—Linda Pressly, “U.S. Mexicans Haunted by Repatriation,” BBC News, November 29, 2006
This excerpt describes an instance of deportation during the 1930s as part of a repatriation effort. Why did the federal government implement repatriation?
To fulfill the terms of a global peace treaty
To protect national security
To reduce competition for jobs
To prevent communist influence on labor unions
The federal government responded to which issue by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Unfair lending practices by banks
Unequal representation in local legislatures
Inadequate medical services in urban areas
Discrimination by employers
• Poll taxes
• Gerrymandering
• Voter intimidation
The passage of legislation to end these practices resulted in —
an increase in political participation by minorities
the adoption of electronic ballots in federal elections
a reduced number of congressional districts
the implementation of limits on lobbying
Which of the following resulted from McCarthyism during the 1950s?
Membership in the U.S. Communist Party increased.
U.S. citizens were arrested for being suspected communists.
Recruitment procedures for the U.S. military branches were reformed.
U.S. diplomats began to express dissenting political viewpoints more freely.
The issue addressed by this poster is primarily associated with the —
Progressive Era
Great Depression
Roaring Twenties
Cold War
In the songs of rock ’n’ roll, if indeed they can be called songs, I noticed the advent of much protest music stemming in a direct line from ballads like Nat King Cole’s success of 1951, “They Tried to Tell Us We’re Too Young.” In one song . . . the musicians lament the fate of the world. . . . One song which gained enthusiastic approval told of how a boy was refused admission to high school because his hair was too long. Terrell explained, “Rock is being married to folk music and the offspring is protest.” —James Michener, New York Times, 1965
Which event is commonly associated with the type of music described in this excerpt?
The March on Washington
The Freedom Rides
Woodstock
The California grape boycott
Which of these cause-and-effect relationships is accurate?
The ideas of social Darwinism led to the passage of Prohibition laws.
The signing of the Treaty of Versailles contributed to the implementation of the New Deal.
The ideas of the Harlem Renaissance influenced the growth of the Civil Rights movement.
The rise of fascism in Italy influenced the onset of the Red Scare.
How has the development of satellite technology affected the U.S. economy?
By resulting in increased private funding of research institutions
By increasing efficiency in telecommunications
By enabling transoceanic air travel
By facilitating the development of technologies that improve fuel efficiency
This 1917 illustration was published as a commentary on a proposed piece of legislation. Which of the following best replaces the question mark in the illustration?
Sundry Civil Bill
Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill
Standard Time Act
Espionage Act
Trends of the 1950s
• Expansion of the middle class
• Development of the interstate highway system
• Growth of suburbs
The trends in this list all occurred as a result of —
an increase in immigration after World War II
the creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development
reductions in peacetime defense spending
economic prosperity following World War II
Which of the following occurred between 1865 and 1900 as a result of the rapid industrialization of the United States?
Social and economic class divisions began to disappear.
Concerns about air pollution led to stricter environmental regulations.
Union membership increased as workers sought better pay and conditions.
Factory owners introduced wage-equity policies for women in the workplace.
In response to the national crisis posed by the Great Depression, the U.S. government —
abandoned deficit spending as a remedy for economic downturns
dismantled financial regulatory agencies
assumed a principal role in protecting economic stability
decreased the number of federal entitlement programs
Soldiers, Sailors, and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force! You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.
This 1944 order was addressed to U.S. troops sent to —
capture the Italian mainland
transport weapons to Great Britain
invade the beaches at Normandy
repel an attack on Stalingrad
Many Progressives opposed social Darwinism because it promoted the idea that —
people in lower classes were not capable of economic success
immigration weakened national unity
the government should take responsibility for the well-being of people
poverty could be eradicated through increased economic regulation
Hoover Dam
What was the main reason the federal government built this dam?
To provide resources for a growing population
To facilitate the transportation of goods in the region
To increase tourism in the region
To prevent the Colorado River from drying up
President John F. Kennedy responded to reports that the Soviet Union was constructing missile sites in Cuba by —
ordering a naval blockade of Cuba
asking Congress to declare war on Cuba
authorizing military strikes on strategic targets in Cuba
seeking United Nations approval for economic sanctions against Cuba
What was one reason Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor?
The U.S. strategy of island hopping had disturbed Pacific trade routes.
The Japanese naval fleet had been defeated at the Battle of Midway
Japanese Americans had been relocated to internment camps.
U.S. trade sanctions had caused shortages of oil, gas, and rubber.
Daily Star
Segregation in Public Schools Outlawed
Who was most instrumental in the event described in this headline?
Rosa Parks
Ella Baker
Thurgood Marshall
Medgar Evers
Which statement best describes one of Shirley Chisholm’s most celebrated achievements?
Chisholm overcame gender and racial barriers to be elected to Congress.
Chisholm overcame physical disabilities to compete in professional sports.
Chisholm helped shape policies that provided famine relief in Latin America.
Chisholm successfully advocated the expansion of the military draft.
After winning the right to participate in the American experiment of selfgovernment, African Americans were systematically and ruthlessly excluded from it: From 1901 to 1929, there were no blacks in the federal legislature.
—“Black Americans in Congress: An Introduction,” Historical Essays on the Black Americans in Congress, www.baic.house.gov (accessed March 29, 2011)
How did W. E. B. Du Bois combat prejudice like that described in the excerpt?
He demanded the passage of women’s suffrage.
He established an early civil rights group.
He advocated making political compromises with segregationists.
He sought court orders to protect the rights of voters.
“Hard Times”
In this 1908 political cartoon, Uncle Sam is distributing pies from the “Free Pie Kitchen.” Some of the pies are labeled “Long Term Franchise” and “Special Privilege.” The recipients of these pies include businessmen labeled “Public Service Corporation,” “Public Land Thief,” and “Predatory Wealth.”
Which issue is this cartoon addressing?
Political corruption
Temperance
Civil-service reform
Segregation
Speaker 1: The plan interferes with the Senate’s power to ratify treaties.
Speaker 2: The plan threatens the principle of popular sovereignty.
Speaker 3: The plan takes too much power away from the states.
Speaker 4: The plan gives the executive branch too much power
Which speaker expresses the main argument against President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plan to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court?
Speaker 1
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Speaker 4
Why did the United States decide to enter World War I?
The United States had suffered economically from European sanctions.
A European nation had taken aggressive actions against the United States.
The U.S. president was obligated to fulfill election campaign promises.
Communist activities among U.S. immigrants were threatening the country.
It was at first impossible for any one to realize what had actually happened. The smoke and fumes hid everything from sight, and hundreds of men were thrown into a comatose or dying condition, and within an hour the whole position had to be abandoned, together with about fifty guns.
—British Field Marshal Sir John French, report on the second battle of Ypres, 1915
What caused the scene described in this excerpt?
A tank attacking soldiers on a battlefield
An aerial bombing of an infantry unit
A poison gas attack on soldiers in the trenches
A submarine attacking a docked ship
Which quotation from President Harry S. Truman offers a reason for U.S. involvement in the conflict between North Korea and South Korea?
“The United Nations cannot . . . fulfill adequately its own responsibilities until the peace settlements have been made. . . .”
“Above all else, we want to keep the United States prosperous and strong because we know that our prosperity is the best guarantee of peace.”
“Communism has passed beyond the use of subversion . . . and will now use armed invasion and war.”
“As a result of these tragic conditions, a militant minority, exploiting human want and misery . . . has made economic recovery impossible.”
This World War I–era poster was intended to persuade —
farmers to consume fewer scarce goods during the war
women to work producing war materials
people to save money during the war
people to help finance the war
Reasons for Economic Problems of the Gilded Age
• Rapid growth of trusts and monopolies
• Ruthless business tactics of robber barons
• Use of unfair practices by the railroads such as rebates, pools, and differential rates
One way the U.S. government responded to the problems caused by the conditions in this list was by —
passing the Interstate Commerce Act
implementing the silver standard for currency
creating a federal jobs program for the unemployed
establishing a new tax on capital gains
The Fourteen Points reflected President Woodrow Wilson’s belief that —
intervention in the affairs of other nations was never justifiable
travel among nations should be regulated by an international organization
no country should be allowed to spend more on defense than any other country
cooperation among international leaders was essential to maintaining world peace
Resolved, that it is the duty of the women of this country to secure to themselves their sacred right to the elective franchise.
—Resolution from Seneca Falls Convention, July 1848
The goal of this resolution was eventually achieved with the —
signing of the Civil Rights Act
passage of Prohibition laws
ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment
creation of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps
Which application of a new technology can be attributed to an invention of Thomas Edison?
Refrigerated railroad cars allowed food to be transported long distances.
Light bulbs made it efficient for factory workers to work at night.
Diesel engines were used in the production of airplanes.
Sonar technology was used to track submarines.
While my solutions were a little less complex than those offered by FDR, . . . I played a kind of New Deal cowboy who never hesitated to tackle many of the same problems.
—Gene Autry, country-and-western singer and actor
Why were country-and-western performers such as Gene Autry popular with U.S. radio audiences during the 1930s?
Their art related to the struggles of the period.
They shared stories of individuals who became wealthy.
They promoted work programs for rural communities.
Their art brought attention to global human rights issues.
It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin. This policy shall be put into effect as rapidly as possible, having due regard to the time required to effectuate any necessary changes without impairing efficiency or morale.
—President Harry S. Truman, Executive Order 9981, July 26, 1948
Which of the following contributed to President Truman’s decision to issue this order?
A lack of funding for veteran pensions
Declining enlistment rates during peacetime
Discrimination against minority service members
A desire to repeal the draft
Which of the following was a disadvantage of the laissez faire policies practiced by state and federal governments during the Gilded Age?
Business owners were frequently forced to give in to unreasonable union demands.
Some businesses sold unhealthy or mislabeled products to consumers.
Business owners were unable to compete with overseas producers.
Without government support, many businesses were unable to sell their goods.
Which institution did Tocqueville see as an important exception to America’s egalitarianism?
The existence of slavery in the South
The Bank of the United States
The U.S. Supreme Court
The U.S. Senate
How did monetary policy in the early 1930s at first contribute to the Great Depression?
The Federal Reserve increased its collection of income taxes.
The Federal Reserve tightened the money supply rather than relaxing it.
The Federal Reserve persuaded President Herbert Hoover to reduce government spending.
The Federal Reserve increased the money supply and lowered its interest rates.
Which of the following describes an economic effect of World War I on the United States?
Americans suffered a mild recession as soldiers returned from war and industries shifted back to peacetime production.
Because of a lack of foreign demand for American goods, Americans fell into a serious depression lasting almost a decade.
New federal agencies, developed during the war, remained in control of the economy even after the return of peace.
The United States incurred vast wartime debts to France and Great Britain, which slowed its post war economic recovery.
What was one factor that helped turn the Great Plains into the Dust Bowl in the 1930s?
Paying farmers to plant native grasses
Increased demand for tobacco after World War I
Numerous tornadoes occurring in the region
Intense drought in the region
There was music from my neighbor’s house through the summer nights. . . . The halls and... verandas are gaudy with primary colors and hair shorn in strange new ways and shawls beyond the dreams of Castile.... There was dancing now on the canvas in the garden. . . . By midnight the hilarity had increased.
—F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby
How does this excerpt reflect a significant turning point in American history?
It depicts the reaction to victory in the Spanish-American War.
It portrays the changing social norms of the Jazz Age.
It describes the experiences of immigrant workers during the Gilded Age.
It details the industrial progress of the post–World War I era.
Which occurrence was a result of the shift in the number of births that began in 1946?
The decline of family farming
The spread of new diseases
The growth of the suburbs
The reduction of defense spending
What was the most likely result of the publication of images such as this 1906 political cartoon?
The government passed the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Private companies refused to import foreign foods.
The government passed the Pure Food and Drug Act.
Labor unions protested unsafe working conditions.
Which statement best explains how bank failures contributed to the Great Depression?
People lost their savings because the government did not insure bank deposits.
Business could not be done when President Franklin Roosevelt declared a bank holiday.
The interest rates on bank loans were too high.
Foreign investors did not invest enough in U.S. banks.
The Daily Star April 4, 1968
Martin Luther King, Jr. Assassinated in Memphis
How did the event in this headline impact the Civil Rights movement?
The focus of the movement shifted to the struggle of migrant workers.
The movement lost credibility with the American public.
The focus of the movement shifted to protesting U.S. involvement in foreign wars.
The movement lost an important national leader.
As social conditions become more equal, the number of persons increases who, although they are neither rich enough nor powerful enough to exercise any great influence over their fellow-creatures, have nevertheless acquired or retained sufficient education and fortune to satisfy their own wants. They owe nothing to any man, they expect nothing from any man; they acquire the habit of always considering themselves as standing alone, and they are apt to imagine that their whole destiny is in their own hands.
—Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835
Which American value is described in this excerpt?
Individualism
Populism
Liberty
Laissez-faire
In the World War II era, what was the major reason for Jewish immigration to the United States?
To seek guaranteed universal suffrage
To escape famine and drought caused by natural disaster
To seek better educational opportunities
To escape state-sponsored genocide
How did the process shown in this photograph enhance the automobile industry?
By speeding up production of automobiles at lower costs
By requiring only licensed workers to produce the automobiles
By ensuring high-quality automobiles for consumers at higher prices
By developing new designs to test automobile safety standards
In November 1942, the National War Labor Board (NWLB) adopted the policy of “equal pay for equal work,” which had not been standard practice in industry.
What was the most likely purpose of this National War Labor Board order?
To prevent unions from discriminating against unskilled workers during the war
To weaken the “Rosie the Riveter” image for women working on the home front
To double the output of equipment needed to support U.S. troops overseas
To ensure fair treatment for women in the workplace during the war
This excerpt is from a book written by a Norwegian man who immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s.
Then west by train on road and route not known to us. We saw mountains, which must have been the Alleghenies, and felt much depressed. Was that America? Had we been fooled? We expected to see flat ground with no timber or boulders to clear. When we came far enough to see that kind of country our spirits rose again....
—Andreas Ueland, Recollections of an Immigrant
These immigrants were relieved when they saw the type of land they were expecting because they —
hoped to establish farms
wanted to build factories
planned to mine for gold
wanted to work for the railroad
II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
—President Woodrow Wilson, Fourteen Points
Which of the causes underlying World War I was this provision of the Fourteen Points intended to prevent?
Nationalism and militarism
Blockades and unrestricted submarine warfare
Secret treaties and alliances
Imperialism and self-determination
What was the most important diplomatic effect of the Declaration of Independence for the United States?
It allowed foreign governments to officially recognize the United States.
It forced Great Britain to trade with the United States.
It required Great Britain to pay war reparations to the United States.
It allowed the United States to establish immigration quotas.
In 1884 Toynbee Hall was founded in a poor neighborhood in London. The primary mission of Toynbee Hall was to offer services to those in need, but it also gave university students first-hand experience with the effects of poverty. This allowed the students to develop practical solutions to further assist people in need. Many reformers in the United States soon adopted this model.
This model was evident in the United States through the works of —
Frances Willard and her support of the temperance movement
A. Philip Randolph and his protests during World War II
Jane Addams and her programs for new immigrants
Eugene V. Debs and his establishment of the American Railway Union
Which action caused the United States to engage in a “police action” on the Korean Peninsula in 1950?
The collapse of South Korea’s democratic government
The assassination of North Korea’s political leader
South Korea’s blockade of North Korea
North Korea’s invasion of South Korea
• Hanford, Washington
• Oak Ridge, Tennessee
• Los Alamos, New Mexico
Which technological advancement was developed in installations near these cities during World War II?
Long-range submarines
Radio navigation
Atomic bombs
Jet engines
The Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor developed in response to the —
increased need to protect worker interests
decreased power of political machines
increased demand for skilled workers
decreased profitability of the agricultural sector
President Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir on Glacier Point, Yosemite Valley, California, 1903
What was the most likely topic of discussion between these men?
Limiting the power of major railroad companies
Creating alternative maritime shipping routes
Designating additional land as national parks
Reducing the influence of environmental lobbyists
__________?_____________:A term that originated during President Lyndon Johnson’s administration to describe the perception of a discrepancy between public statements and actual policies.
Which term completes this text box?
Hawk mentality
Credibility gap
Living-room war
Flexible response
What was one economic effect of the Spanish–American War?
Shipbuilding industries in the United States declined.
New free and fair trade treaties were established between the United States and developing countries.
The United States gained direct access to additional natural resources and overseas markets.
Demand for coal and petroleum as energy sources declined.
Issues Regarding the Selection of U.S. Senators Prior to 1913
• All senators were chosen by state legislatures, but states used different procedures to select them.
• Intimidation and bribery of state legislators were often used to influence the selection of senators.
• Deadlocked legislatures were often unable to select senators, leaving vacancies for several years.
Which of the following was implemented in 1913 to solve these problems?
Each state held party conventions in order to select senators.
A national referendum was held to standardize the procedures for selecting senators.
Open primaries were used to limit the choices of senators who could be confirmed by state legislatures.
A constitutional amendment was ratified that required senators to be elected directly by popular vote.
How did the Brown v. Board of Education decision influence the Civil Rights movement?
By discouraging activists from relying on the judicial system
By guaranteeing scholarships to minority college students
By providing a judicial basis for achieving equality in other areas
By eliminating social barriers associated with hiring practices
Years of Statehood for Selected States, 1889–1896
Which factor facilitated statehood for the darker–shaded areas?
The introduction of barbed wire throughout the Great Plains
The expansion of railway lines throughout the West
The acceptance of Mormons by other religious sects in the East
The peaceful integration of settlers with American Indian populations
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none; or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns.
—George Washington, Farewell Address, 1796
Which group followed the advice given in this address?
Expansionists during the Spanish-American War
Isolationists regarding the Treaty of Versailles after World War I
Hawks in Congress during the Vietnam War
Civil libertarians in Congress after the start of the War on Terror
In the late 1800s, Sanford B. Dole contributed to the expansion of the United States by advocating the annexation of —
Puerto Rico
the Panama Canal Zone
Hawaii
the Philippines
In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration. . . . When the exclusion act expired in 1892, Congress extended it for 10 years in the form of the Geary Act.
—“Chinese Exclusion Act (1882),” National Archives and Records Administration, www.ourdocuments.gov (accessed August 31, 2013)
What was the main reason given for the creation of these restrictions?
Preventing the depletion of natural resources
Discouraging anti-American activism
Reducing competition for U.S. jobs
Addressing a lack of urban housing
How did the Nineteenth Amendment expand the democratic process?
By prohibiting discrimination in voting on the basis of race
By eliminating the poll tax
By prohibiting discrimination in voting on the basis of gender
By lowering the voting age
What prompted the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) to target the “Hollywood Ten”?
Support for American isolationism in the years leading up to World War II
Increased political pressure from racial groups regarding civil rights legislation
Growing anxiety related to the economic effects of the Great Depression
Fear of communist infiltration within the American entertainment industry
What was the purpose of this type of Office of War Information poster?
To provide jobs to unemployed artists during an economic crisis
To help the public understand its role in national security
To encourage young men to join the war effort
To protect civil liberties during times of national emergency
What was one effect of the arrival of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I?
Italy left the Central powers alliance.
The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated in Sarajevo.
The Allies were able to launch a major counterattack on the western front.
Russian forces were able to withdraw from the eastern front.
What was a result of the social problems presented in this 1917 political cartoon?
Government leaders introduced health-care reform laws.
Lobbyists focused attention on the power of corporate monopolies.
Women worked to improve conditions in tenement houses.
Progressives worked to ratify a prohibition amendment.
In 1919, Charles Schenck was charged with violating the Espionage Act. The Supreme Court ruled that Schenck's actions created a “clear and present danger.”
How did the decision in this case affect the rights of U.S. citizens?
By establishing restrictions on the right to vote
By protecting the freedoms of religious minorities
By placing limits on freedom of expression
By protecting the rights of accused persons
Japan threatens to invade Southeast Asia.
The United States _____?______
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.
Which action replaces the question mark on this cause-and-effect diagram?
implements an embargo against Japan
sends ground troops to fight the Chinese
bans the sale of weapons to China
appeases Japanese demands for new territory
Which of the following was a significant effect of New Deal legislation?
Income tax rates fell to historic lows.
The federal government took on new roles.
The regulation of intrastate trade was transferred to the states.
States became the sole enforcers of immigration law.
We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a freeborn American, political, civil and social; and until we get these rights we will never cease to protest and assail the ears of America. The battle we wage is not for ourselves alone but for all true Americans.
—W. E. B. Du Bois, Niagara Movement Address to the Country, 1906
How did the ideas presented in this address affect the early Civil Rights movement in the United States?
By encouraging African Americans to achieve equality through vocational education
By directly supporting Marcus Garvey’s Black Star Steamship Line
By encouraging African Americans to accept Jim Crow laws
By forming the basis for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Workers Stringing Beans in a Maryland Factory, 1909
What were photographs such as this one taken by Lewis Hine primarily intended to accomplish?
Encourage leaders to make segregation in schools illegal
Document labor conditions during an economic crisis
Depict the evils of capitalism in communist propaganda
Focus attention on the need for child labor reforms
Events in the United States in the Late 1920s
Consumers are unable to continue making payments on installment plans
Demand for consumer goods declines
Manufacturers reduce production
_______?__________
Which action completes this cause-and-effect diagram?
Banks lower interest rates
Elected leaders lower tariff rates
Companies lay off employees
Labor unions demand higher wages
What important military contribution did Navajo Code Talkers make during World War II?
They were part of a volunteer group of U.S. pilots that defended China from Japanese aggression.
They were one of the groups that transmitted secret military information in the Pacific Theater.
They were among the first black servicemen to fly as military aviators in the U.S. armed forces.
They were members of the tank division that helped liberate France after the invasion of Normandy.
Which box lists characteristics of the 1960s?
• Prohibition
• The Lost Generation
• The Harlem Renaissance
• Religious fundamentalism
• Widespread unemployment
• New Deal programs
• The Golden Age of Hollywood
• The Dust Bowl
• The counterculture
• The Civil Rights movement
• The Vietnam War
• The Space Race
• Televangelists
• Neoconservatism
• Video games
• The fall of the Soviet Union
Which action best explains the differences shown in these photographs?
The United States gave economic assistance through the Marshall Plan.
The United States and the Soviet Union created an alliance after World War II.
U.S. leaders created the United Nations.
The Soviet Union established the “Iron Curtain” after World War II.
Which action is the best example of a civic responsibility?
Writing an editorial piece for a newspaper
Volunteering to sell raffle tickets
Voting on election day
Opening a business