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WB Ch123 Review

Total questions: 103

Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Scrutinize

a)

To dig or scoop out.

b)

To hang suspended in air.

c)

A shiny or glossy sheen.

d)

To examine in detail.

2.

Hovered

a)

To draw interest or make curious.

b)

The act of protecting.

c)

To hang suspended in the air.

d)

Ancient items.

3.

Indicated

a)

To show.

b)

Any object made by human beings.

c)

Being exact.

d)

To dig or scoop out.

4.

Artifacts

a)

A shiny or glossy sheen.

b)

To influence or persuade.

c)

Any object made by human beings.

d)

The act of protecting.

5.

Coaxing

a)

The act of protecting.

b)

To influence or persuade.

c)

To examine in details.

d)

A shiny of glossy sheen.

6.

Hovered

a)

To dig or scoop out.

b)

To examine in detailed.

c)

A shiny or glossy sheen.

d)

To hang suspended in air.

7.

Succumbed

a)

Ancient items.

b)

To yield or surrender.

c)

The act of protecting.

d)

A shiny or glossy sheen.

8.

Excavated

a)

To draw interest or make curious.

b)

Ancient items.

c)

to show.

d)

To dig or scoop out.

9.

Luster

a)

Being exact.

b)

Being scared.

c)

A shiny or glossy sheen.

d)

To yield or surrender.

10.

Preservation

a)

The act of protecting.

b)

To influence.

c)

To draw interest or make curious.

d)

Any object made by human beings.

11.

Precise

a)

To yield or surrender.

b)

Being exact.

c)

To hang suspended in air.

d)

To examine in detail.

12.

Antiquities

a)

To show.

b)

Being exact.

c)

Ancient items.

d)

The act of protecting.

13.

What is the scientific study of human skeletal remains

a)

Forensic Anthropology

b)

Chaotically

c)

Decomposition

d)

Ancestry

14.

What is "the act of separating or resolving into constituent parts or elements; disintegrate"

a)

Decomposition

b)

Coaxing

c)

Forensic anthropology

d)

Remains

15.

What means "to separate (a part) from the whole, as by cutting or the like."

a)

Decomposition

b)

Sever

c)

Coaxing

d)

Remains

16.

What is "the box or case in which the body of a dead person is placed for burial; casket."

a)

Shroud

b)

Coffin

c)

Artifacts

d)

Shaft

17.

What means, "to attempt to influence by gentle persuasion, flattery"

a)

Coax

b)

Luster

c)

Chaotic

d)

Sever

18.

What are " pieces, scraps, fragments, etc, that are left unused or still extant, as after use, consumption, the passage of time"

a)

Coffin

b)

Artifacts

c)

Remains

d)

Shroud

19.

What is " a handmade object, as a tool, or the remains of one, as a shard of pottery, characteristic of an earlier time or cultural stage, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation."

a)

Remains

b)

Artifact

c)

Shaft

d)

Shroud

20.

What is "a long pole forming the body of various weapons, as lances, halberds, or arrows"

a)

Coffin

b)

Artifact

c)

Shroud

d)

Shaft

21.

What is "a cloth or sheet in which a corpse is wrapped for burial."

a)

Shroud

b)

Shaft

c)

Remains

d)

Artifact

22.

What is your name?

4 lines
23.

"The study of past events"

a)

History

b)

Examine

c)

Evidence

d)

Mystery

24.

"Something that proves something else is true"

a)

Excavate

b)

Examine

c)

Evidence

d)

Mystery

25.

"To uncover something by digging in the dirt"

a)

Mystery

b)

Examine

c)

Evidence

d)

Excavate

26.

"Something that is not known or difficult to explain"

a)

Excavate

b)

Mystery

c)

History

d)

Evidence

27.

"to look closely at something to learn about it"

a)

History

b)

Mystery

c)

Examine

d)

Evidence

28.
A specialist who examines skeletons for clues that will provide evidence about the life and death of the people to whom they belonged.
a)
archaeologist 
b)
Forensic Anthropologist 
c)
Botanist 
29.
surface layer of soil, the upper part of the dirt
a)
topsoil
b)
sub soil
c)
astroturf
30.
the layer of soil beneath the top soil
a)
topsoil
b)
sub soil
c)
substitute soil 
31.
areas colored differently than the surrounding soil
a)
debris
b)
clay 
c)
soil stains
32.
A base or support on which something stands, archaeologists remove all the soil surrounding the bones except for that which is directly under them.
a)
table 
b)
pedestal 
c)
archaeology table 
33.
Covered or hidden from view, the practice of wrapping a body in cloth for burial
a)
burial 
b)
shrouded
c)
mummified 
34.
family descent, lineage
a)
anthropology
b)
architecture 
c)
ancestry 
35.
How could the scientists tell that the body had been wrapped in a shroud?
a)
The position of their head
b)
The position of their legs
c)
The position of their fingers
d)
The cloth was left
36.
What features of the skeleton would a scientist examine to determine the person's gender?
a)
Teeth
b)
Eyeballs
c)
Finger bones
d)
Elbows
37.
What were the three distinct ancestral groups in the Chesapeake region?
a)
African, American, European
b)
European, American, Native American
c)
African, European, and Native American
38.

Which of the following is an example of a play on words?

a)

A Grave Mystery

b)

Finding the Fort

c)

Under the Soil

d)

Who Were You?

39.

Chapter one begins with the discovery of __________.

a)

bones

b)

artifacts

c)

James Fort

d)

pottery

40.

What was unusual about the skeleton found in the grave?

a)

The arms were bent chaotically.

b)

One leg was missing.

c)

The skull was crushed.

d)

The ribs were discolored.

41.

What do we know about the bones that were found?

a)

The bones are from a fifteen year old male.

b)

The bones are from an elderly female.

c)

The person died of natural causes.

d)

The person was short in height.

42.

A forensic anthropologist ______________.

a)

studies bones.

b)

studies diseases.

c)

studies animals.

d)

studies plants.

43.

Colonists died from all of the following causes except ________.

a)

car accidents.

b)

disease

c)

starvation

d)

conflicts with Native Americans.

44.

What helps archeologists see where something may be buried?

a)

soil stains

b)

grass clumps

c)

piles of rocks

d)

small hills

45.

What text feature tells what a section is about?

a)

heading

b)

picture

c)

caption

d)

diagram

46.

What helps a reader understand by showing what something looks like?

a)

photographs

b)

captions

c)

heading

d)

map

47.

What helps the reader by explaining what is seen in the photograph?

a)

caption

b)

heading

c)

diagram

d)

map

48.

Why did colonists bury two or three of their dead in the same grave?

a)

Many people died in a short period of time.

b)

The colonists were too lazy to dig more graves.

c)

There wasn't room to bury them alone.

d)

The colonists did not want the dead to be lonley.

49.

The root forensis means

a)

public

b)

human

c)

man

d)

law

50.

The root anthrop means

a)

human

b)

public

c)

animal

d)

plant

51.

The suffix logy means ______.

a)

the study of something

b)

a written history

c)

a person who performs an action

d)

passing a law

52.
objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists
a)
debris
b)
bones 
c)
artifacts
53.
areas colored differently than the surrounding soil
a)
debris
b)
clay 
c)
soil stains
54.
Forensic scientists study a skeleton to discover the deceased's cause of _________.
a)
mortality
b)
tangible
c)
cobble
d)
knoll
55.
Skeletal bones provide ______ evidence of the history of an area.
a)
grievance
b)
deed
c)
tangible
56.
Why did Michael Lavin send bone samples to Dr. Owsley? 
a)
These bone samples had not been treated with a conservation material that would protect them from decay and damage. These bones would be used by Dr. Owsley for scientific analyses that are performed on bones that have not been treated. 
b)
Dr. Owsley had never seen bones like this before and needed to study them for documentation.
c)
Dr. Owsley and his team collected these types of bones.
57.
What did the scientists discover about the skeleton? 
a)
 It was that of an African decent and he died of a wound to the leg and mouth.
b)
1. There was a depression in front of the skull which might have been caused by a blow to the head.
2. There were holes in the roofs of the eye sockets which could be caused by iron deficiency.
3.    There were Harris lines in the leg bones which are a sign of poor nutrition or the stress of disease.
4. There was infection in the lower jaw causing a potentially fatal infected tooth which could have been easily treated in modern times. 
c)
It was a young male.
58.
What was revealed by the stable Carbon-13 isotope analysis?  
a)
What the deceased ate.
b)
What the deceased did for a living.
c)
Information about the person’s diet which provides clues to his birthplace and the amount of time he had lived in colonial America.
59.
What causes the differences in the Carbon-13 analysis results between people living in England and people living in America? 
a)
It is caused by how many men lived at James Fort.
b)
It is caused by how many children the women had given birth to.
c)
It depends on how much water they had to drink. 
d)
The differences are caused by the grains people eat. People living in England ate barley, wheat, and rye, but people in colonial America ate corn. 
60.
What information did the scientists find that pointed to the identification of the boy in the Jamestown grave?  
a)
The boy was of African decent and was a slave to a Colonial man.
b)
The boy was a Native Amercian killed by a Colonial American and buried at the fort.
c)
A Carbon-13 analysis of his bones measured -19.3, placing him in England.  Five boys arrived from England in 1607. One was too young. Two were documented to be alive in 1608. One named Richard Mutton was on the list of arrivals in 1607 but does not appear in other records. No information was given about the fifth boy. 
61.
What do the scientist think likely caused JR1225B's mortality?
a)
corn
b)
Indian attack or violence
c)
tooth infection
d)
starvation
62.
askew 
a)
causing something to happen sooner than it otherwise would
b)
likely to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing
c)
 not in a straight or level position 
63.
the bony caps located at the ends of long bones
a)
epiphyses
b)
cartilage
c)
ligaments 
64.

Which things can bones tell archaeologists?

a)

How old you were

b)

Male or female

c)

Your ethnicity

d)

What you ate

65.

Historical record

a)

documents written by people of the past

b)

a privately owned ship that captures another ship and claims its cargo

c)

study of human beings and their ancestors

d)

to dig for, to find

66.

Archaeologists are

a)

people who study buildings and artifacts created by people who lived in the past

b)

man made objects

c)

specialist who examines skeletons for clues that will provide evidence about the life and death of the people to whom they belonged

67.

Which word means to look at the differences?

a)

Compare

b)

Contrast

c)

Infer

d)

Analyze

68.

What is "a long pole forming the body of various weapons, as lances, halberds, or arrows"

a)

Coffin

b)

Artifact

c)

Shroud

d)

Shaft

69.

What was the purpose of the Jamestown Rediscovery Project?

a)

to find the location of the James Fort

b)

to find the grave of Pocahontas

c)

to restore a cemetery in Maryland

d)

to find the foundation of the St. Mary's City chapel

70.

In determining the age of a skeleton, scientists will look at the ends of the long bones, called ___________, to see if they are fused.

a)

joints

b)

caps

c)

epiphyses

d)

shafts

71.

Colonists in America were usually buried in

a)

a burial garment

b)

ordinary clothing

c)

a shroud

d)

none of these

72.

A person who is responsible for the repair and preservation of museum artifacts and bones is a ...

a)

archaeologists

b)

conservator

c)

historian

d)

nuclear physicist

73.

Scientists can learn about a skeleton through the study of...

a)

the teeth

b)

the shape and the size of the pelvis

c)

the length and shape of the long bones

d)

all of these

74.

What are some of the obstacles faced by the settlers of the Jamestown colony?

a)

starvation

b)

Indians

c)

disease

d)

all of these

75.

How do the scientists “pedestal” a skeleton?

a)

Scientists pour plaster cement over the skeleton and remove it from the dig site.

b)

Scientists place the skeleton on a cement slab above the soil.

c)

Scientists remove all the soil from around the bones, except the soil on which the bones are resting.

76.

To determine ancestry, what METHODS do anthropologists use?

a)

observation, laboratory testing, and precise measurements

b)

digging, dusting off bones, and covering the bones with plastic wrap

c)

soaking the bones in water, drilling a hole in each bone, and filling the holes with cement

77.

A male's chin is usually rounded with a point at the center.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

A male's skull has a more prominent brow ridge (forehead) than a female's skull.

a)

True

b)

False

79.

How did scientists determine that JR1225B's diet lacked enough iron to be healthy?

a)

X-rays revealed Harris Lines.

b)

JR1225B's bones were solidly fused.

c)

JR1225B's diet caused his clavicle to shift in the grave after burial.

80.

Scientists researched reading journals, church records, and other historical records to determine that JR1225B likely died in _____________.

a)

1618

b)

1607

c)

1608

81.

In Colonial Chesapeake historical studies, the key plant is ______________, which grows in many parts of North America.

a)

wheat

b)

barley

c)

corn

82.

The arrowhead in JR1225B's femur was the type made and used by the ___________________ Indians, who lived in the Chesapeake Bay area in the early 1600's.

a)

Creek

b)

Cherokee

c)

Powhatan

83.

Scientists believe JR1225B to be a boy who was killed shortly after arriving in Virginia.

a)

True

b)

False

84.

In the case of early Jamestown, the historical record revealed that all English colonists who arrived in 1607 were _______.

a)

slaves

b)

male

c)

female

85.

An adult female’s ____________ is shaped differently from a male’s, allowing an infant to be born.

a)

femur

b)

pelvis

c)

clavicle

86.

Skeletal evidence reveals that men have smaller teeth than women.

a)

True

b)

False

87.

The back of a male’s _________, where a muscle is attached during life, has a larger ridge than that of a female.

a)

spine

b)

jaw

c)

cranium

88.

Before their arrival in North America, colonists would have eaten grains that were commonly grown in Europe, _________, __________, and _______.

a)

corn, soybeans, and oats

b)

barley, wheat, and rye

c)

corn, wheat, and tobacco

89.

Scientists believe the likely identity of the boy to be _____________ _______________.

a)

Bartholomew Gosnold

b)

Richard Mutton

c)

John Smith

90.

Scientists believe the boy may have been a victim of a documented __________ __________ on James Fort that took place on May 25, 1607.

a)

Viking raid

b)

flash flood

c)

Indian attack

91.

The main forensic anthropologist discussed in the book is

a)

David Owsley

b)

Steve Irwin

c)

David Smead

92.

What conclusion is presented by the author in Chapter 1 of Written in Bone?

a)

Archaeologists can locate old graves by looking for soil stains that are the size of a human body or coffin.

b)

The original James Fort was found using skeletons.

c)

Forensic anthropologists never found James Fort.

d)

Soil stains disappear after a few years.

93.

"A forensic anthropologist such as Doug Owsley can gather many significant pieces of evidence by examining the bone in situ." What does in situ mean?

a)

Digging for bones

b)

When a skeleton remains in a different position

c)

In the exact position and place where an object is first found

d)

Latin for color

94.

What was the purpose of Jamestown Rediscovery Program?

a)

To locate skeletal remains to sell to museums.

b)

To locate coins brought to the New World by colonists.

c)

To find the location of Jamestown.

95.

What was "The Starving Time?"

a)

The summer of 1602-1603, when the rainy season flooded the fields and damaged the settlers' crops.

b)

The spring of 1650-1651, when crops because diseased and caused illness.

c)

The winter of 1609 - 1610, when more than 150 people in Jamestown died.

96.

How does soil color reveal a grave?

a)

The backfill soil is a different color than the soil in the walls of the grave shaft.

b)

The backfill soil is the same color and texture as the soil inside the grave shaft.

c)

Beige-colored soil reveals an earlier flood on the land.

97.

clavicle

a)

collarbone

b)

gamma

c)

remnants

d)

robust

98.

Which of these steps comes first in an archaeological investigation?

a)

Use ground-penetrating radar to identify graves.

b)

Get permission from the landowners to excavate graves.

c)

Grid and map the investigation site.

d)

Sift dirt through mesh screen looking for artifacts

99.

Which of these steps comes first in excavating a grave?

a)

Remove soil from the grave shaft.

b)

Take photographs of the soil stain of the grave shaft.

c)

Place the soil in buckets.

d)

Sift grave shaft soil through a mesh screen to find artifacts

100.

How can scientists tell that a body has NOT been shrouded?

a)

The leg bones and feet are aligned in a straight line.

b)

The legs are close together at the knees, ankles, and feet.

c)

The toes are pointed straight up in the air.

d)

The big bones are several inches apart and the feet have fallen to the side.

101.
What does in situ mean
a)
Digging for bones
b)
when a skeleton remains in a different position.
c)
 in the exact position and place where an object is first found,
d)
latin for color
102.
What happens when a body decays?
a)
Microbes consume dead tissue to extract nutrients.
b)
Muscles and ligaments hold the bones in place.
c)
Muscles contract and swell.
d)
Microbes consume bones causing them to flake.
103.
A base or support on which something stands, archaeologists remove all the soil surrounding the bones except for that which is directly under them.
a)
table 
b)
pedestal 
c)
archaeology table 

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