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Geologic Record STUDY GUIDE

Total questions: 20

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Discuss the IMMENSITY of geologic time and give a comparison.

a)

If geologic time is 24 hours, humans only existed for 30 seconds.

b)

If geologic time is 240 years, human only existed for 30 years.

c)

If geologic time is 24 years, human only existed for 30 days

2.

According to geologists, how OLD is Earth and how was this determined?

a)

46 billion years old, speed dating and core samples

b)

4.6 million years old, relative dating and speed dating

c)

4.6 billion years old, relative dating and absolute dating

3.

What is the difference between RELATIVE dating & ABSOLUTE dating?

a)

relative dating estimates old & young, absolute dating gives exact number of years

b)

relative dating compares old & young, absolute dating estimates number of years

4.

What is RADIOACTIVE dating of rocks?

a)

unstable atom changes to stable atom at an unknown rate

b)

stable atom changes to unstable atom at measurable rate

c)

unstable atom changes to stable atom at measurable rate

5.

Which radioactive element is USEFUL for dating "YOUNG" rocks?

a)

Carbon-14

b)

Uranium-238

c)

Rubidium-87

6.

What is the Law of Superposition (and cross cutting)?

a)

old on bottom, young on top, cuts are always older

b)

old on top, young on bottom, cuts are always younger

c)

old on bottom, young on top, cuts are always younger

7.

Identify the RELATIVE ages of geologic features W, X, Y, and Z.

a)

oldest Z, Y, X, W youngest

b)

oldest X, W, Y, Z youngest

c)

oldest X, Y, Z, W youngest

8.

Based on the other geologic columns, where are the missing (eroded) layers (shown by ARROWS) and which layer of rock is oldest (shown with YELLOW box)?

a)
b)
c)
9.

Determine the relative ages of the rock layers and the fault.

a)
b)
c)
10.

Which statement regarding the relative ages of rocks & events is ACCURATE?

a)

faults are younger than youngest rock layer they cut through

b)

intrusive rock is older than the surrounding rock layers

c)

a fold is older than the oldest rock layer it contains

d)

overturned rock layers are oldest from base to the surface

11.

What is an index fossil & how is it used?

a)

existed during a limited time, over small areas, used as a traveler for geologic time

b)

existed during a limited time, over large areas, used as a guide for geologic time

c)

existed during a long period of time, over small areas, used as a guide for geologic time

12.

Which fossil would be MOST USEFUL in determining relative age for the rocks in these geologic columns & WHY are these fossils so useful?

a)

Ammonite, rare fossil, unique to rock layer, appears in only one region

b)

Brachiopod, index fossil, unique to rock layer, appears in many regions

c)

Ammonite, index fossil, unique to rock layer, appears in many regions

13.

Scientist see three layers of rock exposed on the side of a hill. Discuss fossil & rock evidence.

a)

first dry environment, then volcanic eruption, finally wet environment

b)

first wet environment, then dry environment, finally volcanic eruption

c)

first volcanic eruption, then a dry environment, finally wet environment

14.

Explain the extinction of the fish species in each graph.

a)

Graph 1 gradual extinction, Graph 2 fast extinction.

b)

Graph 1 fast extinction, Graph 2 gradual extinction.

c)

Graph 1 and 2 both show a fast extinction

15.

Compare the fossils from the Cenozoic Era (modern) to the Paleozoic Era (past).

a)

Cenozoic Era, land animals, dryer land environment. Paleozoic Era, ocean animals, wet environment

b)

Cenozoic Era, ocean animals, wet environment. Paleozoic Era, land animals, dryer land environment

16.

From fossil evidence what conclusion can be made about the history of the environment shown.

a)

first desert, then lake, now forest

b)

first lake, then forest, now desert

c)

first forest, then lake, now desert

17.

Describe how sea level has change has affected the geologic record?

a)

beach deposition

b)

mountain weathering

c)

major extinctions

18.

Describe HOW climate on Earth has changed throughout Earth's history?

a)

Climate has changed many times

b)

Climate has changes just a few times

c)

Climate has stayed steady

19.

What does the existence of ARCTIC coal tell scientists?

a)

Arctic was cooler in the past

b)

Arctic was dryer in the past

c)

Arctic was warmer in the past

20.

How can environmental & climate conditions be seen in ice core samples?

a)

ice cores can show temp and water particles

b)

ice cores can show temp and air particles

c)

ice cores can show humidity and ice levels