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WorksheetsMicroS03LQ3 - Flaviviridae (Arbovirus)
Total questions: 12
Worksheet time: 7mins
ARthropod-BOrne viruses with very broad host range
- Vertebrates (e.g. mammals, birds, amphibians)
- Invertebrates (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks)
Arbovirus
Togavirus
Bunyavirus
Flavivirus
Arboviruses belong to three families:
Togaviruses, Bunyaviruses, Flaviviruses
Togaviruses, Bunyaviruses, Orthomyxoviruses
Paramyxoviruses, Bunyaviruses, Flaviviruses
Togaviruses, Filoviruses, Flaviviruses
Transmission
→ Dengue, Urban yellow fever
→ Reservoir may be in either man or arthropod vector
(in the latter, trans-ovarian transmission may take place)
Arthropod vector ↔ Man
Animal ↔ Arthropod Vector ↔ Man
Transmission
→ Japanese encephalitis, jungle yellow fever
→ Reservoir is in an animal
→ Virus is maintained in nature in a transmission cycle involving the arthropod vector and animal
→ Man becomes infected incidentally
Arthropod vector ↔ Man
Animal ↔ Arthropod Vector ↔ Man
Arthropod Vectors
Mosquito
What are the diseases?
Japanese encephalitis
Dengue fever
Yellow fever
St. Louis encephalitis
Animal reservoirs
In many cases, the actual reservoir is not known. Which of the ff is correct?
Birds: Japanese encephalitis & St. Louis encephalitis
Pigs: Yellow Fever
Monkeys: Russian Spring-Summer encephalitis
Rodents: St. Louis encephalitis
What are the diseases brought by arboviruses?
Fever with Maculopapular Rash
Fever without Maculopapular Rash
Encephalitis (Japanese, St. Louis)
Hemorrhagic fever (Yellow fever, Dengue)
Diagnosis
Usually used to make a diagnosis of arbovirus infections
Serology
Culture
Direct Detection
ELISA
Diagnosis
→ A number of cell lines may be used, including mosquito cell lines
→ Rarely carried out since many of the pathogens are group 3 or 4 pathogens
→ Not commonly used because it is very expensive
Serology
Culture
Direct Detection
ELISA
Diagnosis
Detection of antigen & nucleic acids are available but there are safety issues
Serology
Culture
Direct Detection
ELISA
Prevention
Ways of Preventing
Arbovirus Acquisition
Surveillance of disease and vector populations
Vector control
(e.g. pesticides, breeding grounds elimination)
Personal protection
(e.g. screening of houses, bed nets, etc.)
Vaccination
Supportive Management
Management and Control
The most effective way of controlling spread of arboviruses is:
Vaccination
Arthropod Control
Surveillance of disease and vector populations
Personal Protection
