The Greeks also began regrouping into city-states, or cities that functioned independently, just as countries do. By 500 B.C., the two most powerful city-states were ________, on Greece’s Peloponnesian (pehl uh puh NEE shuhn) peninsula, and _________, which stood east of Sparta in an area called Attica.

The ___________, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, appears in the foreground of this photo of the Acropolis in Athens. The temple is among the most important surviving structures from Greece’s Golden Age.

This is a belief in many gods.

The god of the seas; the god of light, the goddess of wisdom.

In Greek myths, the gods are often quick to punish humans who exhibit _____________, excessive pride.

Theater in ancient Greece originated at annual festivals called Dionysia (dy uh NY see uh), which were dedicated to ____________ , the god of wine.

At these festivals, a __________, or group of singers, honored Dionysus by chanting hymns called dithyrambs (DIHTH uh ramz).

The author of the play "Oedipus Rex" is the playwright, _____________. He is considered one of the finest and most influential playwrights who ever lived. He won first prize at the annual Dionysia in Athens twenty-four times; never once did he place below second.

The songs that divide each scene in the play are called ________.

To help propel the plot, the chorus leader, or ____________, often exchanges thoughts with the rest of the chorus as well as with the actors.

The image shown here is _____________.

Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, describes a _________ as a serious play recounting related events in the life of a person of high rank or importance who is brought low and often meets his or her doom.

The Greeks referred to the idea of a tragic flaw or a profound error in judgement as "hamartia".

The protagonist may face an _______________, a rival character whose opposition contributes to his or her downfall

Aristotle believed that the best plays engender ____________ through the story and characters, not through the spectacle of the production itself.

In which years was Sophocles alive?