Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibres and floats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibres to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibres and floats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibres to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

3. What is the third step of recycling paper products?

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibres and floats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibres to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

4. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the followings, EXCEPT....

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibres and floats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibres to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

5. How many trees are saved from 10 ton of recycled paper?

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibres and floats to the surface. The ink is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is mixed with new wood fibres to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month. Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space. One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

6. The recycling process reclaims the original material... (Par. 1). The word "reclaims" is the closest in meaning with …

The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate that is found in the tropical shallows and temperate waters around the world. The seahorse is also commonly found around coral reefs where there is plenty of food and places for the seahorse to hide.

They have long, flexible tail which is used for wrapping around weeds for support. They swim upright position; their movements being helped by a rapidly oscillating fin on their back.

The most remarkable fact about the seahorse is that part of the reproduction process is taken over by the male of the species. Once the female seahorse laid her eggs in the male’s brooding pouch she leaves. The hatching of the egg is done by the male fish.

Mating begins with the male and the female seahorses doing courtship dance, they swim around each other in circles, at the end of the dance, the male appears to bow to its partner, but actually, the male is banding to pump water from his pouch.

Next the female seahorse lays her eggs into the male’s pouch. Anywhere between 8 and 600 eggs are laid, depending on the species of seahorse. The pouch then closes up. The female seahorse now swims away, leaving the male seahorse to do the hatching. The eggs are hatched about a month later. The young seahorses are ejected from the pouch by means of muscular contraction.

7. What is the purpose of the text?

The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate that is found in the tropical shallows and temperate waters around the world. The seahorse is also commonly found around coral reefs where there is plenty of food and places for the seahorse to hide.

They have long, flexible tail which is used for wrapping around weeds for support. They swim upright position; their movements being helped by a rapidly oscillating fin on their back.

The most remarkable fact about the seahorse is that part of the reproduction process is taken over by the male of the species. Once the female seahorse laid her eggs in the male’s brooding pouch she leaves. The hatching of the egg is done by the male fish.

Mating begins with the male and the female seahorses doing courtship dance, they swim around each other in circles, at the end of the dance, the male appears to bow to its partner, but actually, the male is banding to pump water from his pouch.

Next the female seahorse lays her eggs into the male’s pouch. Anywhere between 8 and 600 eggs are laid, depending on the species of seahorse. The pouch then closes up. The female seahorse now swims away, leaving the male seahorse to do the hatching. The eggs are hatched about a month later. The young seahorses are ejected from the pouch by means of muscular contraction.

8. We know from the text that …

The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate that is found in the tropical shallows and temperate waters around the world. The seahorse is also commonly found around coral reefs where there is plenty of food and places for the seahorse to hide.

They have long, flexible tail which is used for wrapping around weeds for support. They swim upright position; their movements being helped by a rapidly oscillating fin on their back.

The most remarkable fact about the seahorse is that part of the reproduction process is taken over by the male of the species. Once the female seahorse laid her eggs in the male’s brooding pouch she leaves. The hatching of the egg is done by the male fish.

Mating begins with the male and the female seahorses doing courtship dance, they swim around each other in circles, at the end of the dance, the male appears to bow to its partner, but actually, the male is banding to pump water from his pouch.

Next the female seahorse lays her eggs into the male’s pouch. Anywhere between 8 and 600 eggs are laid, depending on the species of seahorse. The pouch then closes up. The female seahorse now swims away, leaving the male seahorse to do the hatching. The eggs are hatched about a month later. The young seahorses are ejected from the pouch by means of muscular contraction.

9. Where do seahorses find food?

The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate that is found in the tropical shallows and temperate waters around the world. The seahorse is also commonly found around coral reefs where there is plenty of food and places for the seahorse to hide.

They have long, flexible tail which is used for wrapping around weeds for support. They swim upright position; their movements being helped by a rapidly oscillating fin on their back.

The most remarkable fact about the seahorse is that part of the reproduction process is taken over by the male of the species. Once the female seahorse laid her eggs in the male’s brooding pouch she leaves. The hatching of the egg is done by the male fish.

Mating begins with the male and the female seahorses doing courtship dance, they swim around each other in circles, at the end of the dance, the male appears to bow to its partner, but actually, the male is banding to pump water from his pouch.

Next the female seahorse lays her eggs into the male’s pouch. Anywhere between 8 and 600 eggs are laid, depending on the species of seahorse. The pouch then closes up. The female seahorse now swims away, leaving the male seahorse to do the hatching. The eggs are hatched about a month later. The young seahorses are ejected from the pouch by means of muscular contraction.

10. How does the seahorse swing its fin?

The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate that is found in the tropical shallows and temperate waters around the world. The seahorse is also commonly found around coral reefs where there is plenty of food and places for the seahorse to hide.

They have long, flexible tail which is used for wrapping around weeds for support. They swim upright position; their movements being helped by a rapidly oscillating fin on their back.

The most remarkable fact about the seahorse is that part of the reproduction process is taken over by the male of the species. Once the female seahorse laid her eggs in the male’s brooding pouch she leaves. The hatching of the egg is done by the male fish.

Mating begins with the male and the female seahorses doing courtship dance, they swim around each other in circles, at the end of the dance, the male appears to bow to its partner, but actually, the male is banding to pump water from his pouch.

Next the female seahorse lays her eggs into the male’s pouch. Anywhere between 8 and 600 eggs are laid, depending on the species of seahorse. The pouch then closes up. The female seahorse now swims away, leaving the male seahorse to do the hatching. The eggs are hatched about a month later. The young seahorses are ejected from the pouch by means of muscular contraction.

11. What makes seahorses remarkable?

The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate that is found in the tropical shallows and temperate waters around the world. The seahorse is also commonly found around coral reefs where there is plenty of food and places for the seahorse to hide.

They have long, flexible tail which is used for wrapping around weeds for support. They swim upright position; their movements being helped by a rapidly oscillating fin on their back.

The most remarkable fact about the seahorse is that part of the reproduction process is taken over by the male of the species. Once the female seahorse laid her eggs in the male’s brooding pouch she leaves. The hatching of the egg is done by the male fish.

Mating begins with the male and the female seahorses doing courtship dance, they swim around each other in circles, at the end of the dance, the male appears to bow to its partner, but actually, the male is banding to pump water from his pouch.

Next the female seahorse lays her eggs into the male’s pouch. Anywhere between 8 and 600 eggs are laid, depending on the species of seahorse. The pouch then closes up. The female seahorse now swims away, leaving the male seahorse to do the hatching. The eggs are hatched about a month later. The young seahorses are ejected from the pouch by means of muscular contraction.

12. What happens during the mating?

The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate that is found in the tropical shallows and temperate waters around the world. The seahorse is also commonly found around coral reefs where there is plenty of food and places for the seahorse to hide.

They have long, flexible tail which is used for wrapping around weeds for support. They swim upright position; their movements being helped by a rapidly oscillating fin on their back.

The most remarkable fact about the seahorse is that part of the reproduction process is taken over by the male of the species. Once the female seahorse laid her eggs in the male’s brooding pouch she leaves. The hatching of the egg is done by the male fish.

Mating begins with the male and the female seahorses doing courtship dance, they swim around each other in circles, at the end of the dance, the male appears to bow to its partner, but actually, the male is banding to pump water from his pouch.

Next the female seahorse lays her eggs into the male’s pouch. Anywhere between 8 and 600 eggs are laid, depending on the species of seahorse. The pouch then closes up. The female seahorse now swims away, leaving the male seahorse to do the hatching. The eggs are hatched about a month later. The young seahorses are ejected from the pouch by means of muscular contraction.

13. What does the female seahorse do after she lays eggs?

The seahorse is a small species of vertebrate that is found in the tropical shallows and temperate waters around the world. The seahorse is also commonly found around coral reefs where there is plenty of food and places for the seahorse to hide.

They have long, flexible tail which is used for wrapping around weeds for support. They swim upright position; their movements being helped by a rapidly oscillating fin on their back.

The most remarkable fact about the seahorse is that part of the reproduction process is taken over by the male of the species. Once the female seahorse laid her eggs in the male’s brooding pouch she leaves. The hatching of the egg is done by the male fish.

Mating begins with the male and the female seahorses doing courtship dance, they swim around each other in circles, at the end of the dance, the male appears to bow to its partner, but actually, the male is banding to pump water from his pouch.

Next the female seahorse lays her eggs into the male’s pouch. Anywhere between 8 and 600 eggs are laid, depending on the species of seahorse. The pouch then closes up. The female seahorse now swims away, leaving the male seahorse to do the hatching. The eggs are hatched about a month later. The young seahorses are ejected from the pouch by means of muscular contraction.

14. What determines the number of eggs the female seahorse lays?

The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue. There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages. When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue. The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

15. We can taste any kind of food because of …

The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue. There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages. When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue. The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

16. When we eat very hot or cold food …

The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue. There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages. When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue. The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

17. The senses of smell and sight …

The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue. There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages. When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue. The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

18. The purpose of the text is …

The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue. There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages. When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue. The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

19. “The senses of smell and sight can affect taste…” (paragraph 4). The word synonym of the word “affect” is …

The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in the tongue. There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages. When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste. These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue. The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste. Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all. Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

20. All other tastes are just mixtures of two or more of these main types. (Paragraph 1).

The word "these" refers to …