Grammar

Although , Even Thought , In Spite of

All of them have similar meaning  and they used to express a contrast between two ideas .. They show that one fact makes the other fact surprising.

-They can all be used at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.

But  there is a difference in the structure used with them 

Although  & even thought introduce a clause that has subject + verb

Form : Although + Subject + Verb

           Even thought + Subject + Verb

Preposition +Gerund ( V+ing)

apologize + for / look forward to / think of / dream of / decide against / insist on / succeed in / ask about

+

V+ ing (Gerund)

Used to as an adjective

S+ Be (am, is , are) + used to + v-ing

Simple Past with Used to

S  + used to + Verb (base form / bare infinitive) 

Used to + infinitive

We can use (used to) to talk about past states that are not true any more.

Examples:

-We used to live in New York when I was a kid.

-There didn't use to be a supermarket there. When did it open?

-Did you use to have a garden?

I used to write letters on papers, but now I write them on my phone.

Plurals

Writing Rules:

noun + s

1. with most nouns

2. If the noun ends with - y proceeded with a vowel

3. words ends with -o and they are from foreign origin

noun + es

- s/ss/x/sh/ch /z

- words ends with - o

noun + ies

If the word ends with -y proceeded with a consonant

noun + ves

If the word ends with -f/fe/lf/ff, change f into v+es

Irregular Nouns:

fish --fish /deer--deer/ sheep--sheep

goose--geese / man--men / woman--women/ mouse -- mice / teeth --tooth / child--children

The Article "The"

- Use "The" Before unique objects

-Before the names of books

-Before the names of rivers , oceans , deserts etc.

-.Before musical instruments

- Before an adjective to denote a whole class or group

-We use a when we come across something  for the first time . We use the when same noun is used again .

There is .................used with singular nouns

There are ..............used with plural nouns