A memorization technique based on repetition (for example, using flashcards).

The process of searching for the form or meaning of a word.

The extent to which information about a word can be remembered

Encountering language and trying to understand it, for example, during reading, listening, and matching L2 words with their meanings.

The knowledge required to use a word, for example, its spoken or written form, its derivations and inflections, associations, and collocations

The process of becoming aware that something is unknown in encountered input, for example a word’s spelling, pronunciation, word parts, meaning, associations, collocations, grammatical functions, when and how often it is used.

The theory that the impressive lexical growth of children is primarily the result of learning words incidentally through doing large amounts of reading. (Also known as the Default Learning Hypothesis.)

A word with the same written form as another, but a different pronunciation and meaning; for example, ‘attribute’ (noun, verb), ‘bow’ (noun, verb), ‘content’ (noun, adj), ‘lead’ (noun, verb), ‘row’ (noun, verb).

The explanation of difficult words in a text via L1 translation, L2 definition, or pictures to aid comprehension and vocabulary learning.

Helping a word stick in memory by, for example, associating it with images, finding extra information about the word, doing word part analysis, or applying mnemonic tricks

A change to the form of a headword through the addition of an affix (un-, non-, hyper-, -ment, -tion, -able, etc.).

Learning, for example, vocabulary through the completion of exercises and tasks where the primary aim of the activity is to learn target words

Words that commonly occur together

A word with the same origin as another word.

Which describes a noun or pronoun?

Which determiner is an article?

Learning the parts of speech helps learners to ________ correctly.

A pronoun is a word that replaces

A word that describes an action or state is