The alleles must separate when gametes are formed

The different forms of a gene.

Having two identical alleles for a given gene; homozygous dominant (RR), homozygous recessive (rr)

Having two different alleles for a given gene.

In dihybrid crosses, the alleles for the two traits segregate independently of each other when gametes are formed. So when looking at a parent with two traits there are four possible combinations when gametes are formed.

the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes

The mating of 2 organisms.

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms the P generation

Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.

Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)

the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation

trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait

An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent.

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait

Parental generation; each parent was pure for a given trait.

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.