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WorksheetsMutations & Melanin
Total questions: 34
Worksheet time: 21mins
Mutations are
changes in the sequence of DNA bases
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
changes in the sequence of RNA bases
rare
What is a substitution mutation?
two nucleotides take the place of another
one nucleotide takes the place of another
a mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
a mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by only deleting a nucleotide
What is a frameshift mutation?
two nucleotides take the place of another
one nucleotide takes the place of another
a mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
a mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by only deleting a nucleotide
What causes mutations?
Bad karma
Radiation
errors as a gene is being copied
chemicals
Radioactive spiders
What type of mutation is this?
Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Subtraction
Addition
What type of mutation is this?
Substitution
Addition
Deletion
Subtraction
Insertion
What type of mutation is this?
Substitution
Addition
Deletion
Subtraction
Insertion
What are the two types of mutations that are considered frameshift?
Insertion
Point Mutations
Deletion
Substitution
Chromosomal mutations
How is it possible to have a change in the DNA (i.e. a mutation) where the amino chain is not changed?
there are more than 3 DNA triplets that make the same amino acid
there is more than one DNA triplet that makes 2 amino acids
sometimes you just get lucky
there is more than one RNA codon that makes the same amino acid
What do you call 3 nucleotides of DNA?
ex. GGC
A triple threat
3 bases
A codon
deoxyribose
How many codons are in this DNA sequence?
AAT-CCG-TTT-CTC-CCG
2
4
6
5
3
What process is happening in the diagram?
transcription
translation
dna replication
mitosis
What amino acid is represented by the codon AUA?
ALA
ASP
VAL
ILE
STOP
What type of mutation is this? Choose ALL that apply.
deletion
silent
insertion
frameshift
The change in the second codon of DNA sequence from GAA to GAG does not affect the amino acid sequence. This is an example of
a beneficial mutation
a frameshift mutation
a harmful mutation
a silent mutation
a deletion mutation
Skin color is a ______ trait
pleural
RNA
frameshift
genetic
Where is UV light most intense?
North Pole
South Pole
Both north and south poles
closest to the equator
What is rickets disease?
the hardening and strengthening of bones due to low vitamin C
a softening and weakening of bones due to low vitamin C
a softening and weakening of bones due to low vitamin D
a hardening and weakening of bones due to low vitamin D
How do humans get vitamin D?
humans make vitamin D with the absorption of nutrients only
humans make vitamin D with the absorption of UV rays from sunlight
humans make vitamin D with the absorption of moonlight
humans make vitamin D with the excretion of tyrosine
How does melanin protect the skin?
It protects the nucleus from DNA changes caused by UV rays, it forms an "umbrella"
It protects the mitochondria from RNA changes caused by UV rays, melanin forms an "umbrella"
Melanin protects the nucleus from RNA changes caused by infrared rays, it forms an "umbrella"
It protects the rough ER from DNA changes caused by UV rays, it forms an "umbrella"
What is another name for sunscreen that would be accurate?
anti-mutation cream
anti-DNA cream
Cancer-causing cream
melanin cream
What is pheomelanin?
one type of melanin, causes different coloration
one type of melanin, causes brown black coloration
one type of melanin, causes reddish brown coloration
one type of tyrosine, causes brown black coloration
What is eumelanin?
one type of melanin, causes different coloration
one type of melanin, causes brown black coloration
one type of melanin, causes reddish brown coloration
one type of tyrosine, causes brown black coloration
Which of the following is not a function of the skin?
regulates body temperature
stores water and fat
prevents entry of bacteria
supports body movement
What is the top layer of skin called?
callus
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
What layer of skin senses pain?
callus
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
What is the oily substance that protects the skin against water called?
seaweed
callus
sebum
skin
What layer is represented by letter B?
Stratum Corneum
Dermis
Stratum Lucidum
Epidermis
What layer of the skin is nearest the bottom?
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
melanin
