2. Volcanic eruption happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent. Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly. In the Philippines, the Mt. Pinatubo eruption was recorded as the world’s second largest volcanic eruption of the 20^th century. What are the average years of inactivity of Mt. Pinatubo before its eruption last June 15, 1991?

3. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for coordination of science and technology-related concerns. One of its service agencies focus on the mitigation of disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquake, tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena. What is the DOST service agency concerned for the volcanic and earthquake activity?

4. Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes and each has a unique history of eruption. How will you classify volcanoes that those have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analyses of their materials?

5. There are about three hundred (300) volcanoes in the Philippines. Twenty-four (24) of these are active volcanoes as of February 2021 while the larger percentage remains dormant as of the record. Which of the following are active volcanoes?

I. Mt. Mayon in Albay

II. Mt. Taal in Batangas

III. Mt. Apo In Davao del Sur

IV. Mt. Kanlaon in Negros Oriental

6. Volcanoes are described according to its eruptive style. They are generally classified as wet or dry depending on the magma’s water content. How will you classify an eruption of a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava?

7. A violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastic called base surges are observed is called ______________.

8. An excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic, just like our Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales is called ______________.

9. A type of eruptive style characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra.

10. Volcanoes are classified according to record of eruption. How can you classify volcanoes that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies?

11. Volcanoes erupt differently. Some eruptions are very explosive, while many others are not. Which of the following factors associated with huge volcanic eruptions may cause the decrease in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years?

12. Volcanic activity can be very fascinating and after an explosive eruption, a change in its slope can be observed. The emissions of a volcano provide us with clues on what materials are found inside the Earth. What determines the nature of volcanic eruption?

I. Magma’s Temperature

II. Crater’s size

III. Chemical composition

IV. Cone’s shape

V. Amount of dissolved gases

13. Viscosity is the property of the materials resistance to flow. It is also described as the liquid’s thickness and stickiness. Which statement does not describe the viscosity of magma?

14. Magma chamber is a large underground pool of liquid rock found beneath the Earth’s crust. Magma inside the volcano has high temperature. As the magma is continuously heated, it goes up. Magma is composed of which of the following?

15. The Earth is believed to be extremely hot from within. This heat from the Earth’s interior is a source of energy called geothermal energy. How is geothermal energy being harnessed?

16. Volcanologist have been able to classify volcanoes according to their volcanic types according to their shape of their cones. How will you classify the cones of volcanoes that are large, nearly perfect sloped structure formed from alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits.

17. An eruptive style that is stream-driven eruption wherein the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is short-lived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a larger eruption. An example of this eruption is the recent eruption of Taal Volcano in Batangas last January 2020.

18. Volcanologist have been able to classify volcanoes according to their volcanic types according to their shape of their cones. How will you classify the cones of volcanoes that are formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the volcano?

19. Volcanoes are Earth’s geologic architects. They’ve created more than eighty percent (80%) of planet’s surface, laying the foundation that has allowed life to thrive. In the Philippines there are about three hundred (300) volcanoes and twenty-four (24) of these are active volcanoes. Why Philippines is home to many volcanoes?

20. Volcanologist have been able to classify volcanoes according to their volcanic types according to their shape of their cones. How will you classify the cones of volcanoes that are cones that have steep slope, wide crater and are the most abundant of the three major volcano types.