Traits are qualities or features that distinguish organisms from each other. Some traits are inherited, and some are acquired. Which of the following are predominantly inherited traits?

I.

clothing preferences

II.

hair color

III.

eye color

IV.

scars

Which diagram best represents the relationship among these structures?

The trait for curly hair (C) is dominant to the trait for straight hair (c). A cross between two individuals for hair type is shown in the Punnett square below.

Which correctly represents the parents that would produce the results shown in the Punnett square?

In squash plants, the allele for yellow fruit (Y) is dominant to the allele for green fruit (y). A plant with genotype YY is crossed with a plant with genotype Yy. What are the expected genotype percentages in the offspring from this cross?

The diagram below represents a biological process.

This process is -

Huntington’s disease is a brain disorder that affects a person’s ability to think, speak, and move. Through scientific research, it has been determined that the disease is dominant.

Many parents choose to get genetic testing so that they will know the chances of their child potentially getting this disease.

A woman who is heterozygous and her partner who does not have Huntington’s disease have children.

What is the probability that one of their children will have Huntington’s disease?

Two students at YES Prep create the following models to represent the same structures. The structure labeled A in both models is most likely a/an -

In humans, the allele for having attached earlobes (A) is dominant to the allele for having detached earlobes (a).

If two heterozygous parents are crossed, which Punnett Square correctly predicts the possible genotypes of the offspring?

A dog’s phenotype can be most easily determined by -

Heredity is best defined as -

Which of the following is not an inherited trait?

Young birds that have been raised in isolation from members of their species, build nests, which is a characteristic of their species. This suggests that nest-building behavior is –

The diagram below shows a biological process of one cell splitting into two cells that occurs in bacteria.

This process is –

True or False that sperm cells contain 23 chromosomes and gives half to the egg

What is a benefit of sexual reproduction?

In the hills of Santa Barbara, California, scientists recently discovered two different colorings on insects called walking sticks.

One group of walking sticks (A) had a white stripe down the other, and the other group (B) was solid green.

Scientists discovered that the walking sticks with white stripes live on bushes with needle-like leaves, as the white stripe divides the insect and makes it look like two separate thin leaves.

The solid green walking sticks live on bushes with large green leaves, allowing them to blend in.

If a disease suddenly attacks and kills many of the bushes with large, leafy leaves, what would happen to the prevalence (frequency) of the trait for the white stripe in walking sticks?

This type of reproduction requires more energy and time.

Which picture be represents regeneration?

A mutation is -

For centuries, certain animals have been crossed to produce offspring that have desirable qualities.

Dogs with certain traits have been mated to produce Labradors, beagles, and poodles. All of these dogs look and behave very differently from one another.

This technique of producing organisms with specific qualities is known as -

Finches are a common type of bird. Scientists observe four different beaks on finches that live on the same island, as shown in the chart below.

Due to a natural disaster, almost all of the animals on the island other than the finches go extinct (die off). Only plant organisms are left on the island.

Scientists continue to observe the finches for generations after the natural disaster.

Which of the following best predicts what scientists will likely observe?

The trait for tallness is dominant over the trait for shortness in pea plants.

A homozygous dominant pea plant is crossed with a heterozygous pea plant.

There are a total of 200 seeds produced. Approximately how many of these seeds would you predict to produce plants that are homozygous dominant?

Choose the example below that is best describes a mutation.

Label the following in order from Least to Greatest.

Which picture best represents a form of asexual reproduction called budding?

Students at YES Prep are preparing for a debate on whether sexual or asexual reproduction is better. All the following would be pieces of evidence that support the argument that asexual reproduction is better except

The following diagram represents a biological process.

The process that is represented is –

Cactus plants, which grow in deserts, have a thick waxy coating that helps prevent water loss. The plants’ sharp spines provide protection from predators.

Which of the following statements best explains why cactus plants evolved to have these traits?

Which of the following statements describes sexual reproduction?

I. Passes on identical DNA from parents to offspring.

II. Creates new genetic combinations.

III. Results in a smaller number of offspring.

Some dairy farmers want to increase the amount of milk produced by their cows.

How can the farmers use selective breeding to increase milk production?

What is one of the major differences between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Which of the following explains the role of chromosomes?

Wild Soay sheep live in a cold environment on a small Scottish island. The sheep used to be large because they gained extra weight during the summers in order to survive the harsh winters.

A recent change in the island’s climate has caused grass to be available for a longer period each year, so survival for the sheep has become less challenging.

Researchers who study these sheep have most likely observed a decrease in the wild Soay’s –