What is an integrated electronic circuit that performs the calculations that run a computer?

The programs and data stored in this can be read but cannot be written on.

This is a thermal conductive metal device designed to absorb and disperse heat away from a high temperature object such as a computer processor.

This is one of the internal parts of the CPU that data can be read, written, and erased any number of times.

This is also required for the installation of any programs or other files you want to keep on your computer. What part of the internal parts of the CPU is this?