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WorksheetsUnit 5 District Assessment Prep '20-'21
Total questions: 27
Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins
Which theory is best represented in this diagram?
Cell theory, the theory that all living organisms are made of cells.
Evolutionary theory, the theory that all living organisms share the same basic genetic components.
Homeostasis; the theory that organisms function best when their internal conditions are maintained within narrow limits
Endosymbiotic theory; the theory that complex cells evolved after primitive cells engulfed bacterial cells that continued functioning.
How do members of the domain Bacteria and members of the Domain Eukarya differ?
All bacteria are unicellular; all Eukarya are not.
All bacteria lack a nucleus; all Eukarya have one.
All bacteria have cell walls; all Eukarya do not.
All bacteria are tiny; no Eukarya are.
Which of the following is evidence for the endosymbiotic theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have similar functions in the cell.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have no DNA of their own.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts can live when removed from the eukaryotic cell.
Scientists are studying the evolutionary history of a group of plants in the United States, and they developed an evolutionary tree as shown. Which statement can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?
Species 1 is most closely related to Species 8.
Species 2 is most closely related to Species 3.
Species 3 is most closely related to species 7.
Species 5 is most closely related to species 6.
An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A cladogram, such as the one shown, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor. Which statement is best supported by the information in the cladogram?
Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons.
Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears
Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas.
The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas.
The evolutionary pathways of five species are represented in the diagram shown. Which statement is best supported by the diagram?
Species X evolved later than Species U but before Species S
Species T and Species U are related to species X.
Species T is the ancestor of Species S.
Species U and V evolved from Species S
Which statement is supported by the cladogram?
The tuna does not a jaw.
The leopard does not walk on four legs.
The lamprey does not have a vertebral column.
The salamander does not produce an amniotic egg.
(AIDS) are caused by two different infectious agents.
Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. What is the difference between the infectious agents that cause these two diseases?
One has a nucleus, while the other has free genetic material.
One holds genetic material, while the other is only made of proteins.
One is a living organism, while the other requires a host to be active.
One is visible only with a microscope, while the other is visible to the naked eye.
Which infectious agent has no cells, but takes over a host cell in which it replicates and spreads into neighboring host cells?
A bacterium
A fungus
A parasite
A virus
Squirrels and other small mammals near Arizona's Grand Canyon are shown to have experienced speciation. Two populations of antelope squirrels that were originally a single species became separated by the canyon. Presently, these squirrel populations represent two different species: the white-tailed antelope squirrel inhabits the north side of Arizona's Grand Canyon, and the closely related Harris's antelope squirrel can be found on the south side of the canyon. Which statement BEST explains why the antelope squirrels experienced speciation?
The squirrels on each side of the canyon were no longer able to access food at the bottom of the canyon.
The squirrels on each side of the canyon were no longer able to access water at the bottom of the canyon.
The squirrels on each side of the canyon were no longer able to breed with the squirrels on the other side of the canyon.
The squirrels on each side of the canyon were no longer able to communicate with the squirrels on the other side of the canyon.
Lake Victoria, located in East Africa, holds over 200 species of cichlids. Cichlids are a type of fish with a unique "second" jaw in their throat. Wildlife biologists believe that Lake Victoria was initially colonized by one species of cichlid.
Adapted when the environment was stable for a long period of time.
Went through artificial selection, which changed their genotypes.
Ate all the available prey in Lake Victoria, removing resources.
Separated within the lake and adapted to different environments.
The diagram shows two populations of toads. Population B formed after a few toads from population A were carried into a new environment. Based on the diagram, how might the toads in population B differ from the toads in population A after several generations?
The toads in population B might have smaller eyes in order to see in the dark.
The toads in population B might have a longer tongue in order to catch distant prey.
The toads in population B might have darker skin in order to blend into their environment.
The toads in population B might have brighter skin in order to attract prey.
Which statement provides the best evidence that Ambulocetus natans is an ancestor of Basilosaurus isis?
Homologous structures occur in each fossil.
Similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil
The fossils were found in different locations.
The youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils
Based on the information, which statement is most likely true?
Pigs, cows, and sheep share a common ancestor.
Animals manufacture a nonfunctional form of cytochrome c.
Pigs, cows, and sheep are identical.
Animals can only manufacture one unique form of cytochrome c.
Scientists hypothesize that broccoli and radishes developed along a common evolutionary pathway. Which of the following would best support this hypothesis?
The plants contain similar proteins
Fossils of these plants were found in the same rock layer.
These plants live in the same type of environment.
Chloroplasts of both plants are green.
According to one theory, similarities in these embryos suggest common ancestry. As these embryos mature, what are they most likely to do?
Pair and mate, producing a new species of organism
Develop identical structures to each other
Develop the distinctive characteristics of their species
Grow and live in the same environment
Which is the best explanation of why DNA can be used to show relationships between species?
DNA sequences will be similar among species that eat the same kinds of food.
DNA sequences will be similar in species that undergo the same catastrophic events.
DNA sequences will be similar in species that are exposed to the same radiation sources.
DNA sequences will be similar in species that have evolved together through natural selection.
How would the running speed of the predator affect the diversity of the chipmunk population and the shape of the graph after several generations?
The graph would skew to the left, as chipmunks that can run less than 8.5 miles per hour would make up the majority of the population.
The graph would skew to the right, as chipmunks that can run over 8.5 miles per hour would make up the majority of the population.
The graph would remain unchanged, as the speed of the predator would not affect the number or types of chipmunks in the population.
The graph would dip dramatically in the middle, as there would be an increase in chipmunk population at both running speed extremes.
Which statement best describes the scientific community's current understanding of natural selection?
Natural selection influences the frequency of an adaptation in a population.
Natural selection determines all the genetic traits of an organism.
Natural selection has little effect on the survival of a species.
Natural selection causes mutations in genetic material.
Genetic drift is a process that causes
Organisms to have the same DNA as their parents.
The genetic makeup of an entire population to change.
The genetic makeup of an entire population to disappear.
Organisms to better adapt to their environment.
The diagram shows the changes in foot structure in a bird population over many generations. How can these changes best be explained?
Stable gene frequencies
Use and disuse
Extinction
Evolution
The gene frequency for a particular trait in a population was determined to be 80% A (dominant allele) and 20% a (recessive allele). Fifty years later, the gene frequency was determined to be 60% A and 40% a. What does this change most likely indicate about the gene pool?
It has remained stable.
It is evolving through natural selection.
It has become predominantly recessive.
It is affected by climate change.
Which statement about adaptations is correct as it pertains to the scientific theory of evolution?
Adaptations, which are beneficial genetic traits, are critical to the survival of a species by providing alternative ways to adjust to a changing environment and prevent extinction.
Adaptations, processes in which a single surviving organism chooses to change its traits, allows a species to redevelop variability and to increase in numbers.
Adaptations, processes in which an organism physically changes its environment, provide a way for a species to decrease its numbers to prevent competition.
Adaptations, which are learned behaviors, allow organisms to learn how to survive in any environment and predict environmental changes in order to prevent extinction of the species.
What is a change in the gene pool of a population due to chance called?
Gene flow
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Punctuated equilibrium
Overuse of antibiotics has caused antibiotic resistance in some bacteria in a population. Which statement describes the most likely impact of natural selection on the bacterial population shown?
Beneficial mutations have decreased, resulting in a larger population than normal.
Only the genes for antibiotic resistance are not expressed, eliminating other genes.
More antibiotic-resistant bacteria have survived, resulting in more offspring with this trait.
The bacteria have become genetically isolated, resulting in decreased reproductive rates.
The following graph shows the number of insects present on a field after it has been sprayed with the same insecticide once a year for over four years. What is the most reasonable hypothesis for the increase in insects seen in year four?
If the insecticide used in year four was stronger than it was in previous years then the population of insects would decrease.
If the insects in the field in year four were the same species as in previous years, then the population would decrease.
If the population of insects was resistant to the insecticide, then their population would increase in year 4.
If insects from a neighboring field had moved into the area before the insecticide was applied in year four, then their population would increase.
Mr. Esparra sprayed a type of pesticide in his garden to kill the insects that are eating his plants. There were very few insects for a few weeks, but then the insect population grew as they produced offspring. Mr. Esparra treated the insects again with the same pesticide. However, the pesticide did not kill as many insects. The model below shows how the insects in Mr. Esparra's garden were affected by the pesticide applications.
Because of selective breeding, the insects that survived the first round of pesticide were able to choose how their offspring would react to pesticide.
Because of natural selection, the insects that survived the first round of pesticide produced offspring that were likely to resist the pesticide as well.
Because of selective breeding, the pesticide that was used only targeted certain kinds of insects to allow the rest to thrive in the garden.
Because of natural selection, the pesticide changed over time because it adapted to the garden environment in which it was sprayed.
