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WorksheetsUNIT 7 APHG Review
Total questions: 57
Worksheet time: 29mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following best describes Alfred Weber’s analysis of location decisions?
a)
It seeks to evaluate the impact of a single factor of production on location.
b)
It seeks to minimize costs among multiple inputs of production.
c)
It is applicable only in postindustrial economies with predictable spatial patterns.
d)
It depends on the availability of a single node, link, and input of production.
e)
It is applicable only in industrial economies with predictable spatial patterns.
2.
Core-periphery models are generally based on the idea that
a)
all world regions are equally well developed
b)
levels of social and economic development are fairly uniform between core areas and peripheral areas
c)
sharp spatial contrasts in social and economic development exist between economic heartlands and outlying subordinate areas
d)
the growth and prosperity of core countries has not been achieved at the expense of peripheral countries
e)
the economic and social heart of a territory should be at its geographic center
3.
Which of the following best explains a benefit of membership in the European Union?
a)
Member states are eligible to receive loans from the European Union, which protects states against recession.
b)
Member states receive equal numbers of international migrants, which ensures even distribution of resources.
c)
Member states receive annual payments from the European Union, which boosts gross national income.
d)
Member states have more secure borders, which guards against conflict.
e)
Member states form a single market, which creates a powerful economic bloc.
4.
The port of Los Angeles is the busiest port in the United States and a major break-of-bulk point. Which of the following statements correctly explains why Los Angeles is a break-of-bulk point?
a)
The robotic systems at the port results in fewer workers being required to unload container ships.
b)
The port can accommodate large container ships that can be unloaded quickly so that containers can be transferred onto carriers that use California’s highway and rail systems.
c)
The massive warehouses located at the port allow goods from container ships to be stored easily for long periods of time.
d)
Goods can be transferred to other container ships going to the port of San Francisco.
e)
Los Angeles is on the Pacific Ocean allowing for more trade with countries in Asia.
5.
The high-tech firms of Silicon Valley in California are clustered together to take advantage of
a)
cheap labor
b)
economies of scale
c)
access to markets
d)
agglomeration effects
e)
high-speed transportation
6.
A clustering of doctor’s offices and pharmacies near hospitals is BEST explained by the benefits of
a)
decentralization
b)
agglomeration
c)
intervening opportunity
d)
balkanization
e)
enfranchisement
7.
Often a manufacturing company will attempt to merge with another company that possesses forward or backward links in the supply or production process. Which of the following terms best describes this type of strategy?
a)
Vertical integration
b)
Transnational corporation
c)
Privatization
d)
Agglomeration
e)
Economies of scale
8.
Even though it is a relatively clean source of energy, which of the following is a disadvantage of hydroelectric power?
a)
The water used needs to be chemically treated immediately upon leaving the powerhouse.
b)
The electricity generated has a lower voltage than electricity generated by traditional coal and natural gas plants.
c)
The generators are more complex than coal or gas generators and are expensive to purchase and maintain.
d)
It is not an effective power source in regions which traditionally experience less rainfall.
e)
It can alter the ecosystems above and below the dam site.
9.
Which of the following concepts explains the decision to relocate market-oriented factories in the United States from the Midwest and Northeast to locations in the southern United States or Mexico?
a)
Comparative advantage, because products can be made more efficiently in the southern United States and Mexico. Operating costs and wages are lower, and the manufactured products are easily transported to major United States markets.
b)
Growth poles, because governments in southern United States cities and Mexico strive to stimulate economic development by providing a guaranteed market for all products manufactured at these locations.
c)
Just-in-time delivery, because the United States population is shifting to the south and west, and the Mexican population is growing. It is critical to produce goods closer to the consumer base to reduce shipping times.
d)
Complementarity, because the regional economy of the midwestern and northeastern United States is shifting to the service sector. There is little interest in maintaining manufacturing at these locations.
e)
Post-Fordist production, because traditional midwestern and northeastern manufacturing centers in the United States are unable to keep up with the technological changes of modern industry.
10.
Contemporary manufacturing is characterized by
a)
production facilities that are generally located as close as possible to the sites of raw material production
b)
strong unions and localized involvement in all facets of the production process
c)
spatial disaggregation of the production process
d)
reliance on highly skilled labor at all phases of the production process
e)
production facilities located close to railroads
11.
Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands and the North American Manufacturing Belt?
a)
The increased percentage of women in the labor force
b)
Competition from foreign imports
c)
Environmental legislation
d)
The formation of free trade associations
e)
The decline of labor unions
12.
The early stages of the core-periphery model describe the
a)
relationship between the outward appearance of a place and its internal functioning
b)
ways that suburban workers commute to urban workplaces
c)
relationship between the underlying structure of a society and its outward expressions
d)
social and cultural differences between urban and rural people
e)
relationship of power and the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed areas
13.
It is generally agreed that the current trend in climate change is caused
a)
sea-level rise
b)
increased use of fossil fuels
c)
reduction in biodiversity
d)
tilt of Earth’s axis
e)
changes in the velocity of ocean currents
14.
Debt-for-nature swaps are financial transactions in which a portion of a developing country’s foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investments in environmental conservation measures. Which of the following explains the significance of debt-for-nature programs?
a)
The programs utilize a dependency theory-based approach to improve local economic development.
b)
The programs provide a sustainable-development approach to reducing uneven levels of development between countries.
c)
The programs combat the economic decline of deindustrialization and improve service and technology development.
d)
The programs provide improvements in environmental health and sanitation that reduce mortality and epidemic disease rates.
e)
The programs invest in environmental education that informs youth populations about preserving economic resources for future use.
15.
Economic complementarities between two places tend to
a)
reflect only differences in resource base
b)
occur when each place specializes in commodities demanded by the other
c)
occur when the places specialize in the same commodities
d)
reflect the minimization of distance
e)
reflect the maximization of scale
16.
Which of the following best explains the relationship between GDP per capita and world system theory?
a)
There is an uneven distribution of economic development and geographical division of labor in the world.
b)
There is an even distribution of economic development and geographical division of labor in the world.
c)
The countries with the highest GDP are also those with primary economic activities.
d)
The countries with the lowest GDP are those with tertiary economic activities.
e)
The peripheral countries have higher levels of both GDP and primary economic activities.
17.
The popularity of which of the following is an example of the trend toward ecotourism?
a)
Time-share condominiums on the coast of Spain
b)
Ski resorts in Chile
c)
National parks in Costa Rica
d)
Recreational canals in Florida
e)
Artificial lakes in Texas
18.
Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states?
a)
European Union (EU)
b)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
c)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
d)
Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
e)
United Nations (UN)
19.
As a less developed country’s economy evolves, the size of the primary sector, the size of the secondary sector, and the size of the tertiary sectors fluctuate. Which of the following statements best describes the highest level of job-opportunity change as countries shift from the periphery to the semiperiphery level of development?
a)
Primary sector employment increases as the country’s domestic demand for food and energy increases.
b)
Primary sector employment increases as the country’s economy becomes increasingly export oriented.
c)
Tertiary sector employment grows more quickly than any other sector because of foreign direct investment.
d)
Secondary sector employment increases as the demand for manufactured products increases.
e)
Secondary and tertiary sector employment declines as factories and offices are increasingly automated.
20.
What would be the most profitable location for an ethanol manufacturing plant that converts corn into alcohol for use as an additive for gasoline?
a)
Near a large university to facilitate recruitment of highly trained chemists
b)
Near a break-of-bulk point for ease of transportation
c)
Near a navigable river to reduce transportation costs to distant markets
d)
Near a prime corn-producing area to minimize transportation costs of raw materials
e)
Near a large metropolitan area to serve a major market
21.
Which of the following statements best explains a limitation of the political map shown in conveying economic information?
a)
In the context of currency, the borders between the member states are irrelevant.
b)
In the context of free trade, the borders between the member states are irrelevant.
c)
In terms of an international division of labor, there are no variations in wage rates across the borders of member states.
d)
In terms of consumer prices, there are no variations in price amounts across the borders of member states.
e)
In terms of manufacturing, there are no variations in production costs across the borders of member states.
22.
Which of the following can be categorized as a primary activity?
a)
Engineering
b)
Coal mining
c)
Teaching
d)
Car manufacturing
e)
Politics
23.
Economic activities that involve the extraction of natural resources, such as lumbering, fishing, mining, and agriculture, are called
a)
subsistence activities
b)
organic activities
c)
secondary economic activities
d)
primary economic activities
e)
tertiary economic activities
24.
Which of the following sectors of the economy has grown the fastest in the United States since the mid-1970s?
a)
Service
b)
Agriculture
c)
Retail
d)
Manufacturing
e)
Military
25.
The state of Florida earns greater revenues from the export of oranges than does the state of Georgia. This can be attributed to which of the following?
a)
Florida has a comparative advantage as a producer of oranges.
b)
Georgia has a comparative advantage as a producer of oranges.
c)
Florida’s economy is primarily based on agricultural production.
d)
Georgia’s economy is focused on tourism and manufacturing.
e)
Unlike Florida, Georgia has no coastal port facilities.
26.
Which of the following has brought significant numbers of foreign visitors and currency to Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nepal, and Belize?
a)
Casino gambling
b)
Vacation cruising
c)
Offshore banking
d)
Factory outlet shopping
e)
Ecotourism
27.
Free-trade zones such as the countries of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are established to increase the ease and volume of international trade by
a)
increasing diplomatic relations between member states
b)
opening borders to migrant guest workers from member states
c)
establishing a common monetary unit among member states
d)
offering large economic-development loans to poorer member states
e)
eliminating tariffs on goods that cross borders between member states
28.
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the data shown in the table?
a)
There are a large number of women in the Spanish legislature, but few women have been elected in Kuwait.
b)
Spain and Kuwait are countries that have very similar levels of economic and social development.
c)
An increase in per capita wealth will almost always result in an improvement in gender equity in a country.
d)
Spain and Kuwait are countries that have very different levels of economic development.
e)
There is a close correlation between the two statistics displayed on the chart above.
29.
The global pattern of gender inequality index scores is similar to the expected pattern of countries by level of economic development, with the exception of a few countries such as
a)
South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand
b)
Japan, Spain, and Canada
c)
Venezuela, Syria, and Iraq
d)
Brazil, Libya, and China
e)
Mexico, Argentina, and India
30.
The map shows the locations of world financial, banking, and investment centers. Which of the following best explains a limitation of the map’s representation of global economic patterns?
a)
The map does not show major population centers located in the Southern Hemisphere.
b)
The map does not show the locations of export processing zones in more developed countries.
c)
The map does not show the growth of investment in businesses in less developed countries.
d)
The map does not show growth poles that stimulate regional economic activity.
e)
The map does not show the environmental pollution associated with industrial cities.
31.
Which of the following statements accurately compares a difference between the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII) as shown in the table?
a)
Although women workers are often paid less than their male counterparts, GII scores can remain high.
b)
High numbers of women working in education and health care directly result in a higher GII score.
c)
Although there are more women in the wage labor force, females do not necessarily have the same level of empowerment as men.
d)
In most countries women’s life expectancy is higher than men’s, which improves gender equality.
e)
Although HDI and GII indicators are measured on a scale of 0 to 1, a high HDI score should indicate a high GII score.
32.
Which of the following industries will most likely locate closest to its raw material sources?
a)
Soft-drink bottling
b)
Brewing
c)
Nickel smelting
d)
Baking
e)
Automobile assembly
33.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals do not mention population growth, but most of the goals will affect population growth. Which of the following statements correctly explains a link between the Sustainable Development Goals and population growth?
a)
Reducing infant mortality rates can lead to a desire to have a smaller family.
b)
Reducing poverty and hunger increases population growth as it makes larger families possible.
c)
Gender equality and empowering women leads to fewer women in the paid labor force.
d)
Combating communicable diseases and improving maternal health means more potential mothers survive and have additional children.
e)
Economic development strategies make it possible to support larger families.
34.
Which of the following variables has an inverse or negative relationship with the level of economic development of a country?
a)
Literacy rate
b)
Birth rate
c)
Percent of labor force in tertiary sector of economy
d)
Life expectancy
e)
Percent of urban population
35.
Which of the following is an advantage for Japanese corporations that locate their manufacturing plants in the United States?
a)
Freedom from Japan’s overprotected distribution networks
b)
A wider variety of climate conditions in the United States
c)
Less competition in the United States than in most other countries
d)
Lower transportation costs and greater access to markets
e)
The better educated labor force in the United States
36.
In Latin America, data for employment in many large urban areas are most likely to be incomplete because
a)
employment is growing too rapidly
b)
most people are unemployed
c)
people change jobs regularly
d)
records are kept mainly for male workers
e)
many people work in the informal sector
37.
Which of the following correctly classifies the countries in the table by their level of development?
a)
More developed: Canada; industrializing: France; less developed: Brazil
b)
More developed: Brazil; industrializing: India; less developed: Tanzania
c)
More developed: France; industrializing: Canada; less developed: India
d)
More developed: Canada; industrializing: Tanzania; less developed: Brazil
e)
More developed: France; industrializing: India; less developed: Tanzania
38.
The literacy rate of any country correlates most closely with which of the following?
a)
Per capita income
b)
Annual precipitation rates
c)
Petroleum production
d)
General level of intelligence
e)
Population density
39.
The maquiladoras of northern Mexico are
a)
manufacturing outsourcing plants
b)
illegal migrant-labor camps
c)
border squatter settlements
d)
organic agricultural cooperatives
e)
commercial produce farms
40.
Which of the following best explains the degree to which the Human Development Index (HDI) accurately calculates a country’s level of economic development?
a)
The HDI is a simplified means of comparing gross national income per capita in an indexed score that is on a 0 to 1.0 scale.
b)
The HDI is a simplified means of combining life expectancy and education levels in an indexed score that is on a 0 to 1.0 scale.
c)
Although the HDI factors in gross national income per capita, it also calculates indicators for health care and education to estimate the social aspects of development.
d)
Although the HDI factors in gross national income per capita, it also calculates the impact of exports and imports on the domestic economy.
e)
The HDI is a simplified means of ranking countries into distinct levels of development based on the total size of a country’s national economy.
41.
Which of the following statements explains one of the limitations associated with utilizing the measures of development shown in the table above?
a)
Gross national income per capita allows for the comparison of the wealth level in a country on a per-person basis. Therefore, the relative wealth of the population in China and Namibia can be compared.
b)
All the statistics measure economic aspects of development and fail to measure social aspects of development. Frequently, social aspects of development are just as important as economic.
c)
The Gender Inequality Index measures aspects of gender disparity for married women.
d)
The Human Development Index and Gender Inequality Index use the same data and therefore measure the same noneconomic aspects of development.
e)
All the statistics aggregate data to the country level. Frequently, there is a great deal of variation in development within countries that is hidden by aggregated data.
42.
The map shows medical technology growth poles in the United States. Which of the following statements best explains a limitation of the map in showing the geographic context of these growth poles?
a)
Each growth pole location is a small special economic zone occupying a few city blocks.
b)
Each growth pole location has an international division of labor where low-technology jobs are handled in less developed countries.
c)
The pattern of medical technology growth poles across the country indicates the transformation of post-Fordist production systems.
d)
Each growth pole location is supported by an international network of researchers and multinational corporate partners.
e)
The pattern of medical technology growth poles across the country indicates a dependence on just-in-time production systems.
43.
Many companies moved their operations from New England and the Midwest to locations in the South because
a)
the South had less expensive site factors than northern regions
b)
southern regions had better access to deep water ports
c)
the South had more advantageous relative locations
d)
the southerly climate was an environmental push factor
e)
southern culture was a social pull factor
44.
Outsourced industrial production in less-developed countries often relies on female labor because
a)
men are engaged mainly in agriculture
b)
wage rates for women are much lower than for men
c)
women are more skilled at operating machinery than men are
d)
social taboos prevent women from working in the service sector
e)
women are not protected by international labor laws
45.
Quaternary economic activities are those that
a)
extract natural resources from the environment
b)
transform raw materials into finished products
c)
involve the collection, processing, and manipulation of information
d)
involve the exchange of goods and the provision of services
e)
involve the production of fresh produce for urban markets
46.
Rostow’s modernization model is concerned with which of the following concepts?
a)
Dependency
b)
Structuralism
c)
Core-periphery relations
d)
Economic development
e)
Neocolonialism
47.
Which of the following explains the spatial patterns of economic development for most countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam?
a)
Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the semiperiphery because of the extensive growth of the secondary economic sector.
b)
Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the semiperiphery because of the dominance of the primary economic sector.
c)
Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the periphery because of the dominance of the tertiary economic sector.
d)
Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the periphery because of the dominance of the secondary economic sector.
e)
Most Southeast Asian countries are considered to be part of the core because of the dominance of the tertiary economic sector.
48.
Which of the following explains a significant obstacle to sustainable development in more developed countries?
a)
The reliance on fossil energy sources for electric generation and vehicle fuel has depleted resources globally and contributed to atmospheric pollution in cities.
b)
The reliance on renewable energy for local electric generation and home heating creates significant risks, as alternative energy storage is more expensive than using fossil fuels.
c)
High energy prices and low energy consumption have reduced the need for the development of additional sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.
d)
Low population growth in more developed countries has reduced the need for the development of additional sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.
e)
Increased economic productivity in less developed countries has moved investment funding away from the development of new sources of renewable energy for individual vehicles and homes.
49.
The country of Costa Rica has protected 25 percent of its land in the form of national parks or other protected areas. Which of the following best explains the desired effect of Costa Rica's process of land preservation?
a)
Costa Rica's national parks and preserved areas are intended to promote international ecotourism and support the country's sustainable local economic development.
b)
Costa Rica's national parks and preserved areas are designed to attract multinational corporations, providing Costa Rica with economic sustainability.
c)
Costa Rica preserved these areas to meet the requirements to join the Central American Common Market, which funds environmental sustainability initiatives in member countries.
d)
Costa Rica preserved these areas to establish special economic zones for the exportation of manufactured products to the United States.
e)
Costa Rica is predominately an agricultural nation and preserved these areas for the future expansion of global agricultural commodity chains.
50.
Which of the following explains a negative effect that can occur in countries that depend on ecotourism as a pathway to sustainable economic development?
a)
A well-developed ecotourism industry can limit the amount of foreign currency entering a country’s economy, reducing funds available for local infrastructure projects.
b)
The development of an ecotourism industry can result in a decrease in the number of tourist visits to a country because of limitations on tourist visas.
c)
Fees generated by ecotourists can contribute to income inequality in less developed countries.
d)
The development of an ecotourism industry can reduce income opportunities for local workers by converting farms to parks.
e)
The development of ecotourism can attract multinational tourism corporations that take their earnings out of the country while attracting tourists who impact the local environment.
51.
The classic model of industrial location theory suggests that the primary consideration in the location of an industrial site is which of the following?
a)
The institutional structure of the firm
b)
The cost to produce the product
c)
The cost of raw materials
d)
The cost of transportation
e)
The location of the market
52.
Which of the following statements explains a weakness in Rostow's stages of economic growth model?
a)
The model is based on the principle of initial advantage that highlights the importance of an early start in economic development for all countries in the world.
b)
The model is based on successive stages that countries must pass through independently until they reach high mass consumption without taking into account that countries are interdependent.
c)
The model is based on the permanent classification of countries into the core, semiperiphery, and periphery, and countries are unable to move up or down from one category to another.
d)
The classification for a country pertains to the entire country with no condition for variation in the level of development within a country.
e)
The model is based on the premise that development in one place requires underdevelopment in another place.
53.
Which of the following best explains a trading relationship between two countries based on comparative advantage?
a)
One country exports raw materials and the other country exports manufactured goods, resulting in a global economic balance.
b)
One country implements tariffs on goods that are imported from another country because the importing country will benefit from profits on the sale of the goods.
c)
Each country specializes in the type of good for which it has the lowest opportunity cost, resulting in a higher global output of both types of goods.
d)
Two countries trade in luxury items, but the volume of trade is limited by the highest cost of long-distance trade.
e)
Each country exports the same type of good because the countries are similar in terms of natural resources and labor costs.
54.
If a manufacturing company uses a single, weight-losing raw material to manufacture its finished product, then most likely the company will
a)
locate several manufacturing plants close to consumers
b)
use a ubiquitous raw material
c)
choose to outsource its labor component
d)
agglomerate close to similar factories
e)
locate its manufacturing plant at the raw material site
55.
Which of the following explains a limitation of the three-tiered structure of Wallerstein’s world systems theory?
a)
The model does not provide for countries outside of the core to accomplish any of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
b)
The scale of the model does not pertain to individual countries but rather to regions in the global contexts of core, semiperiphery, and periphery.
c)
Individual countries can score higher on certain indicators of development and lower on other indicators as they shift from the periphery to the core.
d)
The model locks most countries into the development model of core, semiperiphery, and periphery with little opportunity for peripheral economies to advance into the wealthy core.
e)
The three-tiered system of the model cannot be mapped; therefore, the model has no spatial application.
56.
Which statement explains one way in which the transformation of India’s economy contradicts Wallerstein’s world system theory?
a)
As a British colony, India functioned as a peripheral region supplying resources to benefit the core.
b)
Using a development strategy to avoid economic dependency, India has been able to develop its own industries and participate fully in the global economy.
c)
The outsourcing of high-tech jobs with high wages to India by U.S. companies is not economic exploitation because the jobs are high paying.
d)
India’s ethnically, linguistically, and religiously diverse populations serve as centrifugal forces, preventing India from participating in the global economy.
e)
India’s emphasis on nonalignment with and isolation from the Heartland has limited the country’s role in supranational organizations and international decision-making.
57.
All of the following statements about worldwide patterns of development are correct EXCEPT:
a)
Per capita income in the United States is higher than in China.
b)
The gap in per capita income between rich and poor countries has increased over time.
c)
On average, population growth is higher in peripheral countries than in core nations.
d)
The largest concentration of the least-developed countries in the world today is in Latin America.
e)
Several Asian countries, so-called Asian Tigers, made enormous strides in per capita income and levels of development in the past 30 years.
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