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WorksheetsPractice Final Exam Pt1
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Biodiversity refers to all the different organisms that belong to a particular _________________.
a)
kingdom
b)
place and time
c)
country
d)
domain
e)
genus
2.
According to the theory of evolution,
a)
humans are more advanced than monkeys
b)
only the strong survive
c)
all living things are related through a common ancestor
d)
animals are progressing towards an ideal form
e)
nature selects the biggest and fastest individuals
3.
Based on evidence from geology, chemistry, and biology (including fossils and DNA evidence), scientists believe that the Earth was ruled by prokaryotic organisms (Bacteria, Archeans) for approximately _________________ years, prior to the origin of Eukaryotes.
a)
2 million
b)
2 billion
c)
3.5 million
d)
3.5 billion
e)
4.54 billion
4.
Which of the following Domains of Life includes only multicellular organisms?
a)
Bacteria
b)
Archaea
c)
Eukarya
d)
all of the above
e)
none of the above
5.
Fission is a mode of bacterial reproduction that also can be described as ____________ because it results in daughter cells that are identical to the original cell.
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
asexual
d)
sexual
e)
fertilization
6.
Most of the genetic material of a bacterium is
a)
in plasmids
b)
in a membrane-bound organelle
c)
in the nucleoid region
d)
in the nucleosome region
e)
in the bacteriophage
7.
This example of “horizontal gene transfer” involves the ability of bacteria to acquire new DNA (and genes) as a result of infections by viruses known as bacteriophages.
a)
conjugation
b)
transduction
c)
transformation
d)
chemoheterotrophy
e)
gastromancy
8.
This membrane structure plays a valuable role in bacterial evolution because it provides a way (conjugation) for genes to be exchanged among individuals in a population.
a)
nucleiods
b)
ribosomes
c)
pilus (plural: pili)
d)
phospholipids
e)
capsule
9.
These structures make it possible for prokaryotes to be motile.
a)
thylakoid membrane
b)
ribosomes
c)
ATP synthase
d)
flagella
e)
cilia
10.
Many prokaryotes secrete this slimy substance on the outer surface of their walls, which prevents desiccation but also helps pathogenic bacteria to attach to host cells.
a)
capsule
b)
peptidoglycan
c)
cilia
d)
mucus
e)
reverse transcriptase
11.
Which of the following could be a source of a circular DNA molecule?
a)
mitochondria
b)
plasmids
c)
chromosomes from a human nucleus
d)
all of the above
e)
A and B (mitochondria and plasmids)
12.
Spirillum volutans is one of the largest known bacteria and can be found in freshwater streams. The genus name indicates that these bacteria are
a)
round-shaped
b)
spiral-shaped
c)
rod-shaped
d)
disease-causing
e)
prokaryotic
13.
SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of Covid 19) is an enveloped virus, which means
a)
it surrounds host cells
b)
it is enclosed in a protein envelope derived from the host
c)
it is enclosed in a cell membrane derived from the host
d)
there is no cure
e)
it can only be transmitted by air if it is in an envelope
14.
The synthetic (laboratory) source for this important substance used in medicine is genetically modified bacteria.
a)
aspirin
b)
morphine
c)
codeine
d)
insulin
e)
Vitamin K
15.
This mode of viral reproduction is characterized by a period of latency.
a)
lytic
b)
lysogenic
c)
cellular
d)
meiotic
e)
enveloped
16.
Approximately how many genes does a typical prokaryote have?
a)
2000
b)
20000
c)
200000
d)
2 million
e)
2 billion
17.
According to this hypothesis, viruses arose as genes and related cellular machinery that escaped from the original organism.
a)
regressive hypothesis
b)
cellular origin hypothesis
c)
coevolution hypothesis
d)
lysogenic hypothesis
e)
lytic hypothesis
18.
Molecular and anatomical evidence indicates that mitochondria are the evolutionary descendents of
a)
cyanobacteria
b)
gram-positive heterotrophic bacteria
c)
spirochetes
d)
chlamydia
e)
proteobacteria
19.
Thermus aquaticus is the source of a heat-stable form of an enzyme used to make DNA. This organism is an example of
a)
thermophiles
b)
halophiles
c)
Archaeplastids
d)
Archaeans
e)
gut flora
20.
Prions differ from Viroids in that Prions are
a)
made up of DNA
b)
circular RNA surrounded with protein
c)
linear DNA surrounded with lipid
d)
single proteins
e)
circular RNA surrounded with carbohydrates
21.
What is the role of the enzyme known as “reverse transcriptase”?
a)
In humans, it reverses the transcription of DNA into proteins
b)
It makes it possible for bacteria to defend themselves against bacteriophages
c)
It makes it possible for bacteriophages to enter bacterial cells
d)
It reverses the aging process
e)
It converts viral RNA into DNA, so that viral DNA can be integrated into the host
22.
This group of photosynthetic bacteria often form filaments and colonies. They are thought to be the ancestral source for chloroplasts in Eukaryotes.
a)
Proteobacteria
b)
Gram-positive Bacteria
c)
Thermophiles
d)
Cyanobacteria
e)
Mycobacteria
23.
What is “nitrogen fixation”?
a)
An unhealthy obsession with nitrogen
b)
Any chemical reaction that repairs nitrogen atoms, replacing lost protons, electrons, or neutrons
c)
The ability of extremophiles to live in nitrogen-rich environments
d)
The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into a form that can be used by living organisms
e)
The conversion of nitrogen to protein
24.
What does it mean if an organism is said to have a composite ancestry?
a)
They represent a pure lineage, distinct from Eukaryotes
b)
They have components derived from different ancestors
c)
It is a recently-formed hybrid
d)
It lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
e)
Scientists have been unable to piece together its evolutionary history, and therefore its ancestry is fragmentary
25.
What is the problem with "Protists" from a taxonomic perspective?
a)
Almost all of them cause disease
b)
There are too many of them
c)
They should be classified as microorganisms
d)
They do not have a fossil record, therefore we do not know how they are related to other organisms
e)
They do not have a unique common ancestor, and therefore they are not “natural” group
26.
Monophyletic refers to organisms that _________________.
a)
have no known relatives
b)
are descended from bacteria
c)
members of a group that contains an ancestor and all of its descendents
d)
are only known from one part of the world
e)
have evolved over time to be single-celled
27.
This is an informal term for plant-like photosynthetic organisms, often found in aquatic habitats, which may be single-celled or multicellular.
a)
alga
b)
archaeplastids
c)
glaucophytes
d)
ciliates
e)
blue-green algae
28.
What is the meaning of the term “endosymbiosis”?
a)
the synthesis of endoplasmic reticulum by protists
b)
When one organism takes up permanent residence inside another
c)
When one organism completely engulfs another
d)
The synthesis of mitochondria from bacteria
e)
The conversion of bacteria to proteins in the cell
29.
Molecular and anatomical evidence indicates that the chloroplasts of Diatoms are derived from
a)
cyanobacteria
b)
red algae
c)
green algae
d)
chlamydia
e)
proteobacteria
30.
This scientist is responsible for proposing the endosymbiosis theory.
a)
Darwin
b)
Margulis
c)
Wilson
d)
Martin
e)
Linnaeus
31.
Of the following, land plants are most closely related to
a)
red algae
b)
brown algae (including seaweed called kelp)
c)
diatoms
d)
Euglena
e)
cyanobacteria
32.
These unusual microscopic organisms were a puzzle to early biologists because they are both plant-like (with chloroplasts) and animal-like (with eyespots and flagella, and feeding on bacteria).
a)
green algae
b)
glaucophytes
c)
euglenids
d)
otesaneks
e)
biollantes
33.
These aquatic organisms are free-living single celled individuals that can change shape constantly and engulf prey with the aid of pseudopods, or outgrowths of their plasma membranes.
a)
choanoflagellates
b)
trypanosomas
c)
water molds
d)
amoebas
e)
diplomonads
34.
Which of the following is found in early-diverging Archaeplastids, thus suggesting a link to cyanobacteria?
a)
cyanelles with a peptidoglycan layer
b)
chlorophyll b
c)
chlorophyll c
d)
cell walls with cellulose
e)
sugar stored as starch
35.
Based on several lines of evidence (including DNA, membranes, and remnant of the nucleus), biologists think red algae were the source of chloroplasts for protists known as brown algae. This is an example of
a)
the fixity of species
b)
primary endosymbiosis
c)
secondary endosymbiosis
d)
biodiversity
e)
science fiction
36.
Which of the following organisms spend most of their life as a slug-like mass of cytoplasm with multiple nuclei?
a)
alveolates
b)
apicomplexans
c)
charophytes
d)
cellular slime molds
e)
plasmodial slime molds
37.
Paramecium and their relatives are characterized by
a)
two types of photosynthetic pigments
b)
large amoeba-like cells with multiple nuclei
c)
cilia that provide maneuverability
d)
cell walls of cellulose
e)
a pair of mycelium
38.
The Irish Potato Famine and the recent outbreak of Sudden Oak Death are due to a disease caused by
a)
Ulva, a green algae
b)
Phytophthora, a water mold
c)
Entamoeba, an amoeba
d)
E. coli, a bacterium
e)
Pfiesteria, a dinoflagellate
39.
Multicellular brown algae have bodies that are similar in function to plants, with parts resembling roots, stems, and leaves. The root-like structures are called
a)
holdfasts
b)
stipes
c)
rhizomes
d)
fronds
e)
bladders
40.
The modern day organisms that scientists now believe to be most closely related to animals are
a)
insects
b)
fungi
c)
choanoflagellates
d)
cheburashkas
e)
tanukis
41.
The shell that covers Foraminiferans (forams) is made of
a)
calcium carbonate
b)
polyurethane
c)
silica
d)
cartilage
e)
none of the above
42.
Which of the following organisms have multiple flagella, hydrogenosomes, and can live in animal bodies or deep in seas and lakes?
a)
euglenoids
b)
ciliates
c)
diatoms
d)
diplomonads and parabasalids
e)
brown algae
43.
Which group of Alveolates is characterized by having two flagella, sometimes producing neurotoxins that kill fish, and sometimes being bioluminescent?
a)
brown algae
b)
green algae
c)
dinoflagellates
d)
ciliates
e)
apicomplexans
44.
The Kinetoplastids that cause Chagas disease and African sleeping sickness have long, tapered cells with an undulating membrane and are called
a)
trypanosomes
b)
amoebas
c)
oomycetes
d)
chytrids
e)
dinoflagellates
45.
Malaria is cause by which one of the following organisms?
a)
Plasmodium, an apicomplexan
b)
Giardia, a diplomonad
c)
Fucus, a brown algae
d)
Trypanosoma, a Kinetoplastid
e)
Euglena, a Euglenoid
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