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WorksheetsUnit 5 Natural Selection HONORS
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 59mins
The slow change in a species over time is called ________.
fitness
evolution
variation
mutations
How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment is called ________.
evolution
variation
fitness
survival of the fittest
Differences between individuals of the same species is called _________.
evolution
variation
fitness
survival of the fittest
mutations
Select all the examples of variations within a species:
Mutations can be (choose all that apply)
good
bad
neutral
in sequence
Mutations are random.
true
false
A change in the DNA sequence is called a ________.
variation
contemplation
mutation
type of fitness
People with a certain set of genes/traits are better able to fight off COVID than others, and they survive at a higher rate. This would be an example of _________.
natural selection
fitness
melanin
a mutation
Organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and thus reproduce. This is called _______.
adaptations
natural selection
mutations
variation
An inherited trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
is called a(n) _________:
adaptation
variation
mutation
homology
What is the relationship between the UV Index (the colored bar in Figure 1) and latitude (y-axis)?
at zero latitude, UV is the highest
at zero latitude UV is the lowest
at 60 latitude UV is the highest
at 60 latitude UV is the lowest
Why does UV intensity change with latitude (X-axis)?
CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY
the sun's UV light is closest at the equator and furthest at the poles
altitudes (the earth is not flat there are mountains)
UV light is closer to the poles
UV light stays the same
What issues can arise from folate deficiency when pregnant?
Choose all that apply.
Nervous system problems
Stomachaches, headaches, and diarrhea
Death of the infant
spina bifida
Traveling away from the equator, what happens in general to the amount of UV intensity?
The intensity decreases.
The intensity increases
The intensity stays the same.
It is impossible to predict.
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
in response to humans wanting lighter or darker skin
due to tanning
If a person lives in an environment with low UV radiation what kind of skin color would be the best adapted
Darker skin tones to increase production of Vitamin D Synthesis
Darker skin tones to protect DNA and Folate
Lighter Skin tones to increase production of Vitamin D
Lighter Skin tones to protect DNA and Folate
Do biologists classify specific forms of traits as good or bad. For example, long tails in cats could be classified as good and short tails as bad.
No, traits can be good, bad or neutral
No, good traits are the only ones selected for
Yes, traits like tails are good and bad
What are the evolutionary benefits for dark skin near the equator?
(Choose all that apply.)
Skin cancer protection
Folate Protection
Prevent rickets
Easier vitamin D production
Prevent spina bifida
What are the evolutionary benefits of light skin in the northern latitude/hemisphere? (Choose all that apply.)
Skin cancer protection
Folate Protection
Prevent rickets
Easier vitamin D production
Prevent spina bifida
What does sunlight (UV exposure) do to folate in our body?
breaks it down
builds it up
creates it
makes it stronger
Folate is: (choose all that apply)
a B-Vitamin
used to make DNA and other genetic material
important for pregnancy
is produced from UV rays
Which answer(s) is(are) more appropriate?
CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.
Traits are good or bad.
Traits can be harmful or helpful depending on the environment (i.e. where they live).
Traits are always helpful or hurtful, regardless of the environment.
There is no such thing as a helpful trait.
"Survival of the Most Fit" is more accurate than "Survival of the Fittest"
The graph in Figure 2 summarizes the age at which people are diagnosed with melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer. Why does protection from skin cancer not explain the strong selective pressure for dark skin in high UV ares.
Because the median age is 63.
Because most people get skin cancer at a young age.
Because most people get skin color at an old age.
Because many people get skin cancer at an older age after they have already had children and probably passed the gene onto them.
What does melanin protect?
The nucleus
Nucleic acid/DNA
Folate
All of the answers listed
What selective advantage did people have to lose increased melanin production? (Or in other words, to have less melanin?)
Increased protection from skin cancer
Increased protection from folate destruction
Increased synthesis of vitamin D
All of the above
Which population would be most at risk for having a folate deficiency?
People with pheomelanin living near the equator
People with pheomelanin living near the poles
People with eumelanin living near the equator
People with eumelanin living near the poles
Which population would be most at risk for developing rickets, a skeletal disorder that is caused by a lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate?
People with less melanin living near the equator
People with less melanin living near the poles
People with more melanin living near the equator
People with more melanin living near the poles
Claim: Biological traits are features that enhance an organism’s odds of survival.
True
False
Claim: Human populations changed over many, many generations because they needed to change to increase their fitness (chance of surviving to reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring).
True
False
Which phase best describes translation?
What are proteins composed of?
nitrogen bases
amino acids
polypeptides
fatty acids
mRNA is made during this process.
Translation
Transcription
Replication
Delivery
The Western Skunk mates in the fall and the Eastern Skunk mates in the spring. This is a type of
prezygotic barrier
postzygotic barrier
allopatric barrier
polyploidy
During a hurricane, a population of beetles almost gets completely wiped out. The only beetles that survived were lucky that they were in their nest at the time of the hurricane and had enough food to survive. What is this an example of?
Natural selection
Genetic Drift
According to most scientists, what is the ultimate cause of most mass extinctions?
overhunting
evolution of new species to replace old ones
major change in environment due to extreme natural events
asteroid impact
Mass Extinction is best defined as....
Complete loss or death of a species
an abnormally large amount of species die out simultaneously or within a short period of time
Change in global or regional climate patterns
Change in climate during which glaciers covered much of the Earth
After a mass extinction, what is a common pattern seen in the fossil record?
Rapid diversification of surviving species
Immediate appearance of new species
No significant changes in biodiversity
Decrease in the size of surviving species
The formation of a new species is called
Natural selection
Struggle for existence
Speciation
Darwinism
A new river forms and splits two populations, causing ______________ speciation
Sympatric
Allopatric
Extreme
Convergent
A speciation in which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the SAME geographic region.
Sympatric speciation
Allopatric speciation
Complex speciation
Divergent speciation
Resident orcas primarily feed on salmon with complex vocalizations, while Bigg's orcas hunt marine mammals using stealth and distinct, less frequent calls. They both occupy the same ocean.
Which of the following best describes the likely type of speciation observed in Bigg's (Transient) and Resident orcas in the North Pacific?
Allopatric speciation, due to significant geographic separation preventing interbreeding.
Peripatric speciation, resulting from a small group becoming isolated at the edge of the main population's range.
Sympatric speciation, driven by ecological specialization and behavioral differences within a shared geographic area.
Parapatric speciation, occurring in adjacent ranges with free gene flow maintained across the boundary.
The white moths have a (a) trend from Year 1 to Year 3, and a (b) trend from Year 3 to Year 8. This is due to the trees' bark changing color to (c) from the (d) .
What is the selective pressure acting on the peppered moth?
UV light
Sunlight
Predators such as birds
Trees
The Industrial Revolution
The moths that were the same color as their environment were more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, the populations of these well-adapted moths increased.
The gene pool of human hair color consists of ...
CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY
brown
blonde
red
black
green
Gene pool
Total number of alleles of the genes that are present in a population of a particular species of organism at a given time
The condition of a population in which allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next
The number of phenotypes present in a population of a species at a given time
How does variation contribute to evolution?
Variation contributes to evolution by providing genetic diversity within a population.
Variation contributes to evolution by decreasing competition among individuals.
Variation contributes to evolution by increasing the size of a population.
Variation contributes to evolution by causing genetic mutations.
How does natural selection lead to adaptation?
Natural selection leads to adaptation through random mutations.
Natural selection leads to adaptation through genetic drift.
Natural selection leads to adaptation through the process of differential survival and reproduction.
Natural selection leads to adaptation through Lamarckian inheritance.
Bacterial infection occurs
Antibiotics kill 95% of the infection
Survivors of the antibiotics produce new bacteria
Bacteria have resistance to antibiotics
Match the following
different fig wasp species lay their eggs in different types of flowers in the same habitat
a female duck chooses a mate based on a courtship ritual (e.g. dance)
mating cannot occur because one is too big to fit properly for reproduction
Mechanical isolation
at first, the original hybrid is fertile and viable but later generations are less fertile or less viable
Post-zygotic barrier
one tree flowers in early spring, another flowers mid summer
temporal isolation
Natural selection always acts on the (a) .
What is the name of this painting?
The Scream
The Shock
The Horror
The Yell
Who painted this?
van Gogh
Munch
Picasso
Lina
