Deals with the extent to which hereditary and the environment each influences behavior.

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect

A visual cliff is used for testing

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.

The principles of proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, and closure

The one sense that will override your other senses.

A type of learning where the organism learns to associate two stimuli.

American psychologist who founded behaviorism, emphasizing the study of observable behavior and rejecting the study of mental processes.

The tendency to respond to another stimulus that is similar but not identical to the original conditioned stimulus.

The ability to distinguish between similar but non-identical stimuli.

Name the drug that reduces the activity of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus, frontal lobes and the cerebellum and affects several neurotransmitters, most notably gamma-aminobutyric (GABA).

A stimulus that increases the likelihood that a specific behavior will occur.

A form of operant conditioning that weakens or discourages a behavior and is presented/occur following a behavior.

Pioneer of operant conditioning who believed that everything we do is determined by our past history of rewards and punishments, that most human behavior is controlled by external influences.

A phenomenon in which being rewarded for doing something actually diminishes intrinsic motivation to perform that action and it can have a serious impact on your motivations and behaviors.

What services do clinical psychologists provide?

Which of the following is required to have a medical degree?

Our brain's ability to reorganize itself after an accident or tragedy OR modify itself in response to experience/a change.

What is NOT a part of a neuron?

Occurs when a neuron transmits an electrical charge down its axon, which terminates in the release of chemical signals in the form of neurotransmitters.

A principle that states that the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus. If a stimulus is above a certain threshold, a nerve or muscle fiber will fire.

A chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons and target cells throughout the body.

Involved in preparing the body for stress-related activities including the dilation of the pupils to facilitate vision, constriction of the peripheral arteries to supply more blood to the muscles and the brain, secretion of epinephrine to raise the blood-sugar level and increase metabolism, and reduction of stomach and intestinal activities so that energy can be directed elsewhere

When we visit a friend or go to the beach, our brain stores a short-term memory of the experience in a part of the brain called the _____.

The tendency to continue believing something even after evidence supporting it has been contradicted.

Used when making judgments about the probability of an event under uncertainty. For example, you see an older person who forgets where his keys are and you assume he has Alzheimer's disease.

The goal behind the creation of the Stanford Binet was to

The measure of how well differences in people's genes account for differences in their trait

An assessment instrument whose validity and reliability have been established and the tester's performance can be compared with a pre-tested group is ______.

When continued responses have no impact on an outcome or the environment, ___ can occur

Speech is for most people, located in the

A defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made consciously tolerable—or even admirable and superior—by plausible means

The second stage of Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months to around age 2 or 3 years. According to Erikson, children at this stage are focused on developing a greater sense of self-control.

If a stroke occurs and your left arm and leg is paralyzed, what part of the brain did it occur?

A really sophisticated x-ray of the brain. It gives us a 3D picture of the brain which is great for locating tumors, but it does NOT show brain activity or function.

Auditory Cortex is the section of the brain that processes information received through hearing. Located in the ___.

Which of the following is most directly involved in the electrical aspect or neurotransmission?

The TAT and Rorschach tests rely on what psychodynamic concept?

What type of study is BEST to use to analyse change over time. An example of change over time would be childhood because it would look at development and socialisation processes.

The ethical component of the personality according to Freud that provides the moral standards by which the ego operates.

A psychological defense mechanism in which a person goes beyond denial and behaves in the opposite way to which he or she thinks or feels.

A neo-freudian, his emphasis on the importance of feelings of inferiority, the inferiority complex, is recognized as an isolating element which plays a key role in personality development.

A perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization. Rather than concentrating on dysfunction, this perspective strives to help people fulfill their potential and maximize their well-being.

Although a Behavioralist, he is closely associated with the Social Cultural perspective in personality too! He proposed the concept of reciprocal determinism, in which cognitive processes, behavior, and context all interact, each factor simultaneously influencing and being influenced by the others.

A TV ad presents laboratory findings to demonstrate the effectiveness of an acne treatment. This is an example of

The psychological tension or discomfort we experience when faced with two conflicting cognitions. Term first termed by Leon Fessinger.

Asch's study of if and how individuals yielded to or defied a majority group and the effect of such influences on beliefs and opinions.

People sometimes show an increased level of effort as a result of the real, imagined, or implied presence of other. Why?

Doing of an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence.

The idea that, when in groups, people act differently than they would as individuals.

Occurs when an individual's expectations about another person or entity eventually result in the other person or entity acting in ways that confirm the expectations.

A preconceived judgment, opinion or attitude directed toward certain people based on their membership in a particular group. It is a set of attitudes, which supports, causes, or justifies discrimination.

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is BEST explained by which of the following?

Sometimes called sensory neurons, they are pathways that carry sensory information from the body to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord)

Chemicals the body releases when it is under stress or in pain that can help relieve pain, reduce emotional stress, and offer a sense of well-being.

Hint - "Runner's High" is attributed to them!

The ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges and defuse conflict.

Having a parent or sibling with depression or bipolar disorder ______ your chances of developing the disorder

Refers to an organism's ability to regulate various physiological processes to keep internal states steady and balanced. These processes take place mostly without our conscious awareness.

A child learns to pull itself up, then to stand, then to walk and finally to walk without falling because at each step closer to the goal of walking, they are verbally rewarded by the parent.

The capacity to think speedily and reason flexibly in order to solve new problems without relying on past experience and accumulated knowledge. It decreases slowly as we age.

The idea that you will do better on a test if you take the test in the same place you learned the material.

Speakers of different languages think differently due to the differences in their languages.

Photographic, or picture memory that lasts for only a few tenths of a second.

What part of the brain is associated with the emotion of fear?

The process in the brain of neurons to retrieve chemicals that were not received by the next neuron.

Where does bottom-up processing begin?

Harlow's study of infant monkeys showed that ____ is important in developing emotional bonds

A relationship style where the bond is contaminated by fear. This can be caused when babies cannot predict when or how their parents will respond to their cries.

A psychological defense mechanism in which a person redirects a negative emotion from its original source to a less threatening recipient

A psychiatric disorder that may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, or rape or who have been threatened with death, sexual violence or serious injury.

What is a better predictor of success in college?

A measure of Central Tendency which is defined by the most common number in an array.

Occurs when a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when working alone. It is seen as one of the main reasons groups are sometimes less productive than the combined performance of their members working as individuals.

Schizophrenia can be characterized by

In ______ our perceptions of perceived distance of the object becomes smaller.

Occurs when we learn to respond only to the original stimulus, and not to other similar stimuli.

Sounds are detected in one ear before the other. This cue helps us determine

You touch a hot stove and immediately pull your hand back. How are you able to do this so quickly?

Children from wealthier or more financially stable homes tend to do better in school. This is a ____

A mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently. For example, you are having difficulty arranging furniture so you draw out the layout to see it better.

What did Milgram's study on obedience suggest?

The memory system in charge of the encoding, storage, and retrieval of the procedures (rather than episodes) that underlie motor, visuospatial, or cognitive skills.

Social learning theory is related to the concepts of

A cognitive appraisal of physiological arousal is related to _____ theory of emotion

A mental health condition that causes an individual to experience physical bodily symptoms in response to psychological distress.

All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:

A ________ psychologist will say that all behavior is learned.

Test-retest results will yield an evaluation of the test’s ____.

The weakening of a conditioned response in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus.

The biasing effects on decision making of the way in which a choice is worded.

Sometimes the act of taking a pill produces an effect if the person believes the pill is active. This is called the

This style of parenting allows for little discussion or explanation of the firm controls placed on the child.

You are in a car going to school with a friend every day, but your friend is driving all the time. When your friend gets sick one day, you have to drive yourself for the first time and follow the same route you would go if your friend was driving. This is an example of

The ____ nervous system is made up of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems.

Pick the BEST option!

A region of the posterior portion of the inferior frontal convolution of a cerebral hemisphere that is associated with the production of speech.

The natural cycle of physical, mental, and behavior changes that the body goes through in a 24-hour cycle and are mostly affected by light and darkness and are controlled by a small area in the middle of the brain.