A protagonist who lacks the attributes that make a heroic figure, as nobility of mind and spirit, a life or attitude marked by action or purpose, and the like.

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a character that shows qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character with the objective to highlight the traits of the other character.

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The word originally came from the Greek language and in Greek drama which refers to the person who led the chorus. Later on, the word started being used as a term for the first actor in order of performance.

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a literary archetype referring to a character that rejects established norms and conventions, has been rejected by society, and has the self as the center of his or her own existence.

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a character or a group of characters which stand in opposition to the protagonist or the main character.

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a character who "offers up and exemplifies certain principles of honor, courage, and endurance which in a life of tension and pain make a man a man.” He also maintains a sense of humor and exhibits grace under pressure.

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a literary or dramatic character who undergoes little or no inner change; a character who does not grow or develop.

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an everyday man who has human weaknesses. He is caught in the ironies of the human condition and struggles for insight

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“I am so cold—huddled at my little desk, pounding on this keyboard— I feel the breath rush out of my lungs, freezing the air in front of me. A coffee sits beside me, its warmth leaks away. A cigarette smokes lazily in the ashtray. Rings drift to the ceiling like a young girl’s hair. Stray books and clothes have a life of their own and come to rest wherever they find space in our small, cramped living room.” -Jasmine Gallant’s “Not My Name”

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“I wandered lonely as a cloud, That floats on high o'er vales and hills, / When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils;”

-William Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”

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“Hoping to impress the lesson more deeply, Mrs. March, who had a good deal of humor, resolved to finish off the trial in an appropriate manner, so she gave Hannah a holiday and let the girls enjoy the full effect of the play system.-Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women

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"Everything (he kept saying) is something it isn't. And everybody is always somewhere else. Maybe it was the city, being in the city, that made him feel how queer everything was and that it was something else. Maybe (he kept thinking) it was the names of the things. The names were tex and frequently koid. Or they were flex and oid or they were duroid (sani) or flexsan (duro), but everything was glass (but not quite glass) and the thing that you touched (the surface, washable, crease-resistant) was rubber, only it wasn't quite rubber and you didn't quite touch it but almost. The wall, which was glass but turned out on being approached not to be a wall, it was something else, it was an opening or doorway--and the doorway (through which he saw himself approaching) turned out to be something else, it was a wall. And what he had eaten not having agreed with him.“ E.B. White’s “The Door”

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Thebes, city of death, one long cortege and the suffering rises wails for mercy rise and the wild hymn for the Healer blazes out clashing with our sobs our cries of mourning—O golden daughter of god, send rescue radiant as the kindness in your eyes! Sophocles’s Oedipus Rex

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QUESTION: “I ran all the way to the main gate, and then I waited a second till I got my breath. I have no wind, if you want to know the truth. I’m quite a heavy smoker, for one thing—that is, I used to be. They made me cut it out. Another thing, I grew six and a half inches last year. That’s also how I practically got t.b. and came out here for all these goddam checkups and stuff. I’m pretty healthy though.” JD Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye

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The dictionary definition of a word.

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The Iliad, for example, begins dramatically with the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon during the Trojan War.

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"Yertle the Turtle“ by Dr. Seuss is an entertaining story of a turtle king who continues to reach for more and more power at the expense of his turtle subjects. He keeps reaching until he is dethroned.

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in written composition, it is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. It is generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.

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“Life were better ended by their hate,

Than death prorogued, wanting of thy love”

From William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet

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Gospel of Luke (10:29-37) describes that there was a traveler (may be a Jew), whom some people had robbed and beaten alongside the road and left him. A Levite and a priest passed through that way, but both ignored that man. Eventually, a Samaritan reached there and helped the injured and miserable man without thinking about his race or religious belief (generally, Samaritans despise Jews).

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The emotions and associations connected to a word.

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Gazing at the school gate, I remembered how, as a child, I would enter that school rather unwillingly and leave it so excitedly. Today, I was here to collect my child who, perhaps just like me, had the same unwillingness to come to school.

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“All the world’s a stage,

And all the men and women merely players;

they have their exits and their entrances;

And one man in his time plays many parts,”

From William Shakespeare’s As You Like It

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words and phrases that provide a connection between ideas, sentences and paragraphs. They help to make a piece of writing flow better. They can turn disconnected pieces of ideas into a unified whole and prevent a reader from getting lost in the reading.

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VLADIMIR: Consult his family…….

ESTRAGON: (anxious). And we? …….

ESTRAGON: And why would he shout?

VLADIMIR: At his horse. Silence.

ESTRAGON: (violently). I’m hungry!

VLADIMIR: Do you want a carrot…..

VLADIMIR: I might have some turnips…..

VLADIMIR: Oh pardon! I could have sworn it was a carrot……

ESTRAGON: (Chewing). I asked you a question.

VLADIMIR: Ah.

ESTRAGON: Did you reply?

VLADIMIR: How’s the carrot?

ESTRAGON: It’s a carrot…

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Absolute power corrupts absolutely

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A recurrent image, idea or a symbol that develops or explains a theme .

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