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Ecology EOC Practice

Total questions: 45

Worksheet time: 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A bird watcher records the movement of migrating birds. In which part of the scientific process is the bird-watcher participating?

a)

controlling variables

b)

experimenting

c)

observing

d)

hypothesizing

2.

The burning of fossil fuels has the greatest impact on which cycle?

a)

carbon

b)

water

c)

oxygen

d)

nitrogen

3.

Which best represents an interaction between biotic and abiotic factors?

a)

A bird eats parasites from the back of a rhinoceros.

b)

A tapeworm lives in the intestinal tract of a human.

c)

Heavy rains wash away the topsoil in a newly plowed field.

d)

Acid rain lowers the pH of a pond, causing the fish population to

decrease.

4.

Which factor is dependent on the density of a population?

a)

flooding

b)

competition

c)

acid rain precipitation

d)

seasonal weather patterns

5.

Which atmospheric pollutant depletes the ozone layer and accelerate global warming?

a)

acid rain

b)

volcanic ash

c)

sulfur dioxide

d)

chlorofluorocarbons

6.

Humans have a direct impact on the recycling of carbon in the environment. What two human-driven processes have the greatest impact on the recycling of carbon?

a)

human breathing and farming

b)

farming and the burning of fossil fuels

c)

cutting down of forests and human breathing

d)

the burning of fossil fuels and cutting down of forests

7.

During the late 1800s in North Carolina, settlers set up shad fishing outposts. Shad are in the herring family and swim from the ocean upstream to spawn. The fisheries were set up at the mouths of rivers to catch incoming fish. How did this practice affect the local shad population?

a)

The shad population decreased because adult fish were being caught before they could reproduce.

b)

The shad population increased because of higher environmental

pressures.

c)

The shad population decreased because the shark population

increased.

d)

The shad population increased because of plant growth.

8.

Which best shows the difference between obtaining energy from renewable and non-renewable resources?

a)

Pumping water from an aquifer compared to using a water treatment

plant.

b)

Using petroleum for energy compared to harvesting corn for ethanol

fuel.

c)

Mining coal for energy compared to offshore drilling for oil.

d)

Using solar energy compared to hydro-electric energy.

9.

Which is a biotic limiting factor that would influence the growth of a deer population?

a)

a forest fire

b)

high temperatures

c)

amount of plant growth

d)

amount of monthly rainfall

10.

Which best describes how nitrogen cycles through an ecosystem?

a)

Animals exhale CO2 and H2O.

b)

Fungi fix nitrates for use in plants.

c)

Bacteria fix nitrogen for use in plants.

d)

Plants take in CO2 for photosynthesis.

11.

Which is an example of conservation of natural resources?

a)

recycling

b)

strip mining

c)

using bottled water

d)

clear-cutting of forests

12.

The diagram below represents a terrestrial-marine food chain.

A new disease was discovered that harmed only the small fish population. Which would be an immediate impact on the food chain pictured above?

a)

the seagull population would increase

b)

the seagull population would decrease

c)

the plankton population would increase

d)

the plankton population would decrease

13.

The food web shows the transfer of energy within a forested ecosystem.

If the population of frogs is decreased by disease, what would be the impact on the ecosystem?

a)

The owl population will increase.

b)

The snake population will increase.

c)

The plant population will decrease.

d)

The grasshopper population will decrease.

14.

Two species live together. Species A provides food for species B and species B provides a strong support system for Species A habitat. Which term best describes the relationship between these two organisms?

a)

predation

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

autotrophism

15.

Which best describes how carbon can be removed from the atmosphere during the carbon cycle?

a)

Animals use carbon dioxide in the process of respiration.

b)

Plants use carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis.

c)

Bacteria use carbon dioxide to break down plant and animal remains.

d)

Plants and animals use carbon dioxide in the process of lactic acid

fermentation.

16.

Ten fish are doing well in a 10-gallon fish tank. When five similar fish are added to the tank, some of the fish begin to die. Which best explains this loss of fish?

a)

The fish are not getting enough food.

b)

The fish do not have enough space to swim.

c)

The number of fish has exceeded the carrying capacity of the tank.

d)

The new fish begin to feed on the older fish, causing a decrease in

population.

17.

Which one of the following descriptions is describing A?

a)

Population recovers and stabilizes

b)

Carrying Capacity

c)

Population runs out of resources and declines

d)

Population overshoots carrying capacity

e)

Exponential Growth

18.

Which one of the following descriptions is describing B?

a)

Population recovers and stabilizes

b)

Carrying Capacity

c)

Population runs out of resources and declines

d)

Population overshoots carrying capacity

e)

Exponential Growth

19.

Which one of the following descriptions is describing E?

a)

Population recovers and stabilizes

b)

Carrying Capacity

c)

Population runs out of resources and declines

d)

Population overshoots carrying capacity

e)

Exponential Growth

20.

Which one of the following descriptions is describing C?

a)

Population recovers and stabilizes

b)

Carrying Capacity

c)

Population runs out of resources and declines

d)

Population overshoots carrying capacity

e)

Exponential Growth

21.
What is the goal of the pioneer species in Primary Succession?
a)
To kill the dead materials after a disaster
b)
To rebuild soil
c)
To feed Johnny
d)
To put fresh oxygen into the air
22.
After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?
a)
Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees
b)
Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses
c)
Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees
d)
Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees
23.
the process by which a new community forms where no community lived before 
a)
resource
b)
invasive (non- native) species
c)
primary succession
d)
competition
24.
Which of the following is true in a climax community?
a)
the community will constantly evolve and change
b)
if one species dies, a new species will fulfill the same role
c)
They are stable for a long time, with the same species maintaining their population
d)
it goes through a major change called "climax" every few hundred years
25.
What is Ecological Succession?
a)
Competition between plants in a society
b)
A natural disaster such as a flood or fire
c)
The cycle of a tomato plant
d)
The change an ecosystem experiences over time
26.
What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?
a)
Bushes and Shrubs
b)
Oak trees
c)
Mossess and Lichens 
d)
A rose Bush
27.

Coyotes are opportunistic predators that are found throughout most of North America. They typically feed on small mammals, insects, and fruits and vegetables. They are known for their dietary adaptability. The best description of their role in the food web would be:

a)

An herbivore

b)

A carnivore

c)

An omnivore

d)

A primary producer

28.
What will most likely happen if the human population continues to grow at current rates?
a)
There will be fewer natural resources available for future generations.
b)
There will be an increase in nitrogen levels in the atmosphere. 
c)
There will be a decrease in water pollution. 
d)
There will be an increase in the number of strong hurricanes. 
29.

Mullet are local estuarine fish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans and dolphins. The graph above shows how the number of mullet in an area has changed over time.


Based on the data, one student concludes that a new predator was introduced into the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population

a)

mullet prey increased in the area

b)

mullet parasites decreased in the area

c)

the temperature of the area increased

d)

the amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased

30.

How does the predator-prey relationship affect a population?

a)

The predators and prey are in competition with each other.

b)

Usually either the predator or the prey will become extinct.

c)

The predator species usually has exponential growth.

d)

The relationship controls the population size of both species.

31.

Data on the immigration and emigration of a fish species would be most helpful in determining which of the following?

a)

biological magnification

b)

interspecies competition

c)

population of the species

d)

predator-prey relationships

32.

Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population of organisms.

a)

reproductive replacement

b)

life spans of the members

c)

fluctuations in atmospheric temperature

d)

availability of food

33.

Which of the following are abiotic factors that shape ecosystems?

a)

worms, plants and temperature

b)

wind, precipitation, and soil type

c)

niches, trees, and bacteria

d)

sunlight, mushrooms, and wind

34.

The number of pythons found throughout Everglades National Park has increased in recent years. These huge snakes are not native to Florida and are believed to have been released into the wild by pet owners. Wildlife biologists have initiated attempts to capture and remove these pythons. Which statement best explains the biologists' reasons for removing these pythons from the Everglades?

a)

The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.

b)

The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.

c)

The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native population to decline.

d)

The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species.

35.

A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown above depicts the feeding patterns the ecologist observed.


Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?

a)

There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.

b)

There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels.

c)

There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have.

d)

There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.

36.

A diagram of a food web is shown above.


Which organism receives the least amount of energy from the producers?

a)

hawk

b)

rabbit

c)

grasshopper

d)

mouse

37.

The diagram above shows the flow of carbon in a terrestrial ecosystem.


Which will most likely happen if the decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle?

a)

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will increase.

b)

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will decrease.

c)

The amount of carbon dioxide used by producers will increase.

d)

The amount of carbon dioxide needed by consumers will decrease.

38.

New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to

a)

reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.

b)

increase the rate of air pollution.

c)

reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms.

d)

cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests.

39.

The presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, in lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggests that

a)

ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium.

b)

recycling programs have failed to conserve biotic resources.

c)

natural processes can alter ecosystem stability.

d)

direct harvesting practices have led to irreversible destruction of ecosystems.

40.

DDT and other pesticides used over 50 years ago are still affecting the environment today. Scientists have found these substances in recent glacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during the summer, when precipitation that has fallen on glaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers from existing glaciers have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the concentrations of DDT and other pesticides were highest about 10 years after the use of these substances was banned.

This information shows that

a)

DDT and other pesticides cause glacier runoff during the summer.

b)

it takes humans over 50 years to analyze a glacier.

c)

precipitation helps to break down pesticides.

d)

the decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.

41.

Which behavior is genetically based and NOT linked to past experiences?

a)

innate behavior

b)

habituation

c)

operant conditioning

d)

classical conditioning

42.

The 1918 influenza epidemic killed between 50 million and 100 million people worldwide. THis epidemic happened near the end of World War I. More people died from the influenza epidemic than were killed in the war. Which of the following explains why this virus was so deadly worldwide?

a)

Infected soldiers returning from the war spread the virus when they coughed.

b)

Food was scarce because of the war, so people were undernourished, and their immune systems were weakened.

c)

Medical personnel often became ill as a result of exposure to airborne virus particles.

d)

All of the above

43.

What is the maximum number of organisms an ecosystem can support based on the availability of resources?

a)

symbiosis

b)

competition

c)

carrying capacity

d)

exponential growth

44.

Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation are components of which process?

a)

the nitrogen cycle

b)

the oxygen cycle

c)

the carbon cycle

d)

the water cycle

45.

Which pair of organisms are in a parasitic relationship?

a)

flea and dog

b)

bear and fish

c)

dog and human

d)

human and bear