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WorksheetsEOC Biology Item Specs Questions
Total questions: 22
Worksheet time: 22mins
An osmosis investigation was conducted using 20 chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. The eggs were then transferred to corn syrup for 24 hours and then to distilled water for 24 hours. The mass of each egg was measured before and after each soaking to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The table below shows the average mass of the eggs at each step of the investigation.
Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?
Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.
Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.
Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.
Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.
The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
All living things are made of cells.
All cells come from other preexisting cells.
Cells form through spontaneous generation.
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
lysosome
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
Terrestrial plants have stomata on the surface of their leaves. A single stoma is surrounded by two guard cells that change shape in response to environmental factors and open or close the stoma. Which of the following best explains how the structure of the leaf is used in processes that occur in the plant?
Water enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for transpiration.
Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf.
Energy for cellular reproduction is absorbed through the surface of the leaf.
Carbon dioxide enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for cellular
respiration
The illustration below shows four lobes of the human brain.
What lobe is found in the area designated by label 2?
temporal
parietal
occipital
frontal
The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow?
The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to faster blood flow.
High blood viscosity increases the resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.
Low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.
The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and leads to faster blood flow.
The immune system has both specific and nonspecific defenses against viral infections. Which statement describes a nonspecific response of the immune system in fighting viral infections?
T cells are produced to search out and destroy the viruses.
Memory B cells are activated to rapidly respond to the viral infection.
Plasma cells quickly replicate and release antibodies that bind to the viruses.
Virus-infected cells produce interferons that lead to the inhibition of viral replication
The scientific theory of evolution is supported by different types of evidence. The diagrams below show the skeletons of two different animal species. How does comparing the skeletons of these animals provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?
It provides information about the organisms’ habitats.
It shows possible common ancestry between organisms.
It provides information to determine the organisms’ ages.
It shows possible chromosomal similarities between organisms.
Organisms classified as fungi have unique characteristics. Which of the following characteristics is found only in organisms classified in the kingdom Fungi?
single cells without a nucleus
multicellular with chloroplasts
multicellular filaments that absorb nutrients
colonies of single, photosynthetic cells that reproduce asexually
One of the accepted scientific theories describing the origin of life on Earth is known as chemical evolution. According to this theory, which of the following events would need to occur first for life to evolve?
onset of photosynthesis
origin of genetic material
synthesis of organic molecules
formation of the plasma membrane
Over time, the climate of an island became drier, which resulted in changes to the populations of various island finch species. Finch populations with a certain beak shape thrived, while those not having that beak shape decreased. Which of the following describes a necessary condition for these changes in the finch populations to occur?
fewer mutations
limited food resources
limited beak variations
overproduction of offspring
Hemophilia is a sex-linked, recessive trait. Which of the following describes the probability of hemophilia in the offspring of a man who does not have hemophilia and a woman who is a heterozygous carrier?
There is a 25% chance that their sons will have hemophilia.
There is a 100% chance that their sons will have hemophilia.
There is a 0% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia.
There is a 50% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia.
Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below.Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?
DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.
Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.
The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.
Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.
While genetic engineering has positive benefits, there are also concerns associated with widespread use of genetic engineering in agriculture. If many farmers begin to plant more genetically modified crops that have an increased tolerance to insects, which of the following may result?
an increase in the use of pesticides
a decrease in genetic diversity of the crops
an increase in the contamination of the water supply
a decrease in crop productivity on these treated fields
A fertilized egg undergoes several stages before it is successfully implanted. The diagram below shows these stages as the fertilized egg travels through the female human reproductive system.In which of the following structures of the female human reproductive system is the blastocyst implanted during normal human development?
ovary
uterus
vagina
amniotic sac
Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
two stages of cell division
replication of cellular genetic material
daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
The number of pythons found throughout Everglades National Park has increased in recent years. These huge snakes are not native to Florida and are believed to have been released into the wild by pet owners. Wildlife biologists have initiated attempts to capture and remove these pythons. Which statement best explains the biologists’ reason for removing these pythons from the Everglades?
The pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms.
The pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes.
The pythons could prey on native organisms and cause native populations to decline.
The pythons could begin to interbreed with native snakes and produce a more successful species
A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologists observed.
Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?
There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels.
There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels.
There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.
There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have.
Salt water is an abundant resource but is unusable for irrigation and drinking. As demands on freshwater sources increase, the use of desalination processes to remove salt from ocean water is increasing. A concern of desalinating water is the large amounts of recovered salts that are returned to the ocean. Which of the following describes the most likely impact of desalination on the surrounding ocean environment?
Methane gas would pollute the ocean environment as shoreline organisms begin to die and decay.
Alteration in ocean salt levels would cause loss of species and unbalanced populations in marine food webs.
Nonrenewable resources in the ocean environment would become depleted and upset the ecosystem’s balance.
Increased levels of salts and minerals in the ocean would result in overpopulation of marine bivalves due to strengthened shells.
As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
It becomes inactive.
It begins to replicate.
Its shape changes to engulf large proteins.
Its activity increases to digest more proteins.
The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur.
Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of
cellular respiration.
Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Water expands as it freezes.
Water is an excellent solvent.
Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
Water is able to moderate temperatures.
