Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

The first bus to Brighton goes at 6 a.m, _______?

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

Last year, a great number of trees ______ to provide space for grazing.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

These days everybody is aware _______ the danger of smoking.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

______ you finish it, ______ you can leave.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

This______ is a birthday gift from my best friend.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

My parents _______ in the company when they met one day in the corridor during lunch time.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

Monica graduated from nursing school in the Philippines two years ago, but she has not found a job ______ the growing demand both locally and internationally.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

_______, we can leave for Bac Giang.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

_______ for an hour, Tom was very tired.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

What _______ views do Americans and Asians have about love and marriage?

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

There's a sense of foreboding in the capital, as if fighting might at any minute _______

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

Don’t worry about your necklace. Give it to me and I promise to ____ great care of it.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

I don’t think I’m in the right ______ of mind to sit an exam. I don’t seem to be able to concentrate.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

It’s hard to _______ on less than a million a month.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The most important thing is to keep yourself occupied to free yourself from boredom.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

The lost hikers stayed alive by eating wild berries and drinking spring water.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

My cousin tends to look on the bright side in any circumstances.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

There has been insufficient rainfall over the past two years, and farmers are having trouble.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Henry and Matthew are talking about using mobile phones.

- Henry: “I think people nowadays are less interactive with each other because of mobile phones.”

- Matthew: “_______. Everyone seems to be happy on their own with their smartphones.”

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Hang is giving flowers to her teacher.

- Hang: “Happy Teacher’s day, Ms Linh!”

- Hang’s teacher: “_______. The flowers are beautiful!”

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

Some changes harm ecosystems. ________ there is too little rainfall, plants will not have enough water to live.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

If a kind of plant dies off, the animals ________ feed on it may also die or move away.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

________ changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need fires for the pine trees to reproduce.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

Building dams on rivers for ________ power and irrigation can harm ecosystems around the rivers.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

They are looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people without ________ harm to ecosystems.

For a century and a half, the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind instrument, the piano is completely self-sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household instrument of the nineteenth century.

The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries - the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord’s tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.

The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano et forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.

Question: What does the passage mainly discuss?

For a century and a half, the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind instrument, the piano is completely self-sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household instrument of the nineteenth century.

The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries - the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord’s tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.

The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano et forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.

Question: Which of the following instruments was widely used before the seventeenth century?

For a century and a half, the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind instrument, the piano is completely self-sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household instrument of the nineteenth century.

The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries - the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord’s tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.

The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano et forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.

Question: The words “a supremacy” in paragraph 2 are closest in meaning to _______.

For a century and a half, the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind instrument, the piano is completely self-sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household instrument of the nineteenth century.

The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries - the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord’s tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.

The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano et forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.

Question: The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to the _______.

For a century and a half, the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlike string and wind instrument, the piano is completely self-sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household instrument of the nineteenth century.

The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries - the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord’s tone was metallic and never powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for concert use, but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.

The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano et forte (soft and loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance.

Question: According to the information in the third paragraph, which of the following improvements made it possible to lengthen the tone produced by the piano?

The Pirahã are an isolated Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture intact, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Pirahã, who communicate mainly through hums and whistles, have fascinated ethnologists for years, mainly because they have no words for numbers. They use only three words to count: one, two, and many.

We know about the Pirahã thanks to an ex-hippy and former missionary, Dan Everett, now a professor of Phonetics, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everett discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colours, without subordinate clauses and without a past tense.

Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was restricted in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just eight consonants and three vowels; for the women, who have the smallest number of speech sounds in the world, seven consonants and three vowels. To the untutored ear, the language sounds more like humming than speech. The Pirahã can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.

Their culture is similarly constrained. The Pirahã can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980, Everett tried to teach them to count: be explained basic arithmetic to an enthusiastic group keen to learn the skills needed to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one is beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everett’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t conceive the concept of number.

The Pirahã’s inability to count is important because it seems to disapprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural capacity for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s collaborators has recently gone on an expedition with Everett to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Pirahã have persuaded him to change his theory.

Question: What is the passage mainly about?

The Pirahã are an isolated Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture intact, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Pirahã, who communicate mainly through hums and whistles, have fascinated ethnologists for years, mainly because they have no words for numbers. They use only three words to count: one, two, and many.

We know about the Pirahã thanks to an ex-hippy and former missionary, Dan Everett, now a professor of Phonetics, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everett discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colours, without subordinate clauses and without a past tense.

Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was restricted in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just eight consonants and three vowels; for the women, who have the smallest number of speech sounds in the world, seven consonants and three vowels. To the untutored ear, the language sounds more like humming than speech. The Pirahã can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.

Their culture is similarly constrained. The Pirahã can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980, Everett tried to teach them to count: be explained basic arithmetic to an enthusiastic group keen to learn the skills needed to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one is beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everett’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t conceive the concept of number.

The Pirahã’s inability to count is important because it seems to disapprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural capacity for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s collaborators has recently gone on an expedition with Everett to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Pirahã have persuaded him to change his theory.

Question: What is NOT true about the Pirahã tribe?

The Pirahã are an isolated Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture intact, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Pirahã, who communicate mainly through hums and whistles, have fascinated ethnologists for years, mainly because they have no words for numbers. They use only three words to count: one, two, and many.

We know about the Pirahã thanks to an ex-hippy and former missionary, Dan Everett, now a professor of Phonetics, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everett discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colours, without subordinate clauses and without a past tense.

Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was restricted in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just eight consonants and three vowels; for the women, who have the smallest number of speech sounds in the world, seven consonants and three vowels. To the untutored ear, the language sounds more like humming than speech. The Pirahã can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.

Their culture is similarly constrained. The Pirahã can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980, Everett tried to teach them to count: be explained basic arithmetic to an enthusiastic group keen to learn the skills needed to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one is beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everett’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t conceive the concept of number.

The Pirahã’s inability to count is important because it seems to disapprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural capacity for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s collaborators has recently gone on an expedition with Everett to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Pirahã have persuaded him to change his theory.

Question: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

The Pirahã are an isolated Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture intact, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Pirahã, who communicate mainly through hums and whistles, have fascinated ethnologists for years, mainly because they have no words for numbers. They use only three words to count: one, two, and many.

We know about the Pirahã thanks to an ex-hippy and former missionary, Dan Everett, now a professor of Phonetics, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everett discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colours, without subordinate clauses and without a past tense.

Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was restricted in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just eight consonants and three vowels; for the women, who have the smallest number of speech sounds in the world, seven consonants and three vowels. To the untutored ear, the language sounds more like humming than speech. The Pirahã can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.

Their culture is similarly constrained. The Pirahã can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980, Everett tried to teach them to count: be explained basic arithmetic to an enthusiastic group keen to learn the skills needed to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one is beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everett’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t conceive the concept of number.

The Pirahã’s inability to count is important because it seems to disapprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural capacity for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s collaborators has recently gone on an expedition with Everett to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Pirahã have persuaded him to change his theory.

Question: The word “untutored” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.

The Pirahã are an isolated Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture intact, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Pirahã, who communicate mainly through hums and whistles, have fascinated ethnologists for years, mainly because they have no words for numbers. They use only three words to count: one, two, and many.

We know about the Pirahã thanks to an ex-hippy and former missionary, Dan Everett, now a professor of Phonetics, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everett discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colours, without subordinate clauses and without a past tense.

Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was restricted in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just eight consonants and three vowels; for the women, who have the smallest number of speech sounds in the world, seven consonants and three vowels. To the untutored ear, the language sounds more like humming than speech. The Pirahã can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.

Their culture is similarly constrained. The Pirahã can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980, Everett tried to teach them to count: be explained basic arithmetic to an enthusiastic group keen to learn the skills needed to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one is beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everett’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t conceive the concept of number.

The Pirahã’s inability to count is important because it seems to disapprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural capacity for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s collaborators has recently gone on an expedition with Everett to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Pirahã have persuaded him to change his theory.

Question: The word “constrained” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.

The Pirahã are an isolated Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture intact, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Pirahã, who communicate mainly through hums and whistles, have fascinated ethnologists for years, mainly because they have no words for numbers. They use only three words to count: one, two, and many.

We know about the Pirahã thanks to an ex-hippy and former missionary, Dan Everett, now a professor of Phonetics, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everett discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colours, without subordinate clauses and without a past tense.

Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was restricted in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just eight consonants and three vowels; for the women, who have the smallest number of speech sounds in the world, seven consonants and three vowels. To the untutored ear, the language sounds more like humming than speech. The Pirahã can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.

Their culture is similarly constrained. The Pirahã can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980, Everett tried to teach them to count: be explained basic arithmetic to an enthusiastic group keen to learn the skills needed to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one is beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everett’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t conceive the concept of number.

The Pirahã’s inability to count is important because it seems to disapprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural capacity for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s collaborators has recently gone on an expedition with Everett to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Pirahã have persuaded him to change his theory.

Question: What did Everett’s experiment to teach the Pirahã to count reveal?

The Pirahã are an isolated Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers who live deep in the Brazilian rainforest. The tribe has survived, their culture intact, for centuries, although there are now only around 200 left. The Pirahã, who communicate mainly through hums and whistles, have fascinated ethnologists for years, mainly because they have no words for numbers. They use only three words to count: one, two, and many.

We know about the Pirahã thanks to an ex-hippy and former missionary, Dan Everett, now a professor of Phonetics, who spent seven years with the tribe in the 70s and 80s. Everett discovered a world without numbers, without time, without words for colours, without subordinate clauses and without a past tense.

Their language, he found, was not just simple grammatically; it was restricted in its range of sounds and differed between the sexes. For the men, it has just eight consonants and three vowels; for the women, who have the smallest number of speech sounds in the world, seven consonants and three vowels. To the untutored ear, the language sounds more like humming than speech. The Pirahã can also whistle their language, which is how men communicate when hunting.

Their culture is similarly constrained. The Pirahã can’t write, have little collective memory, and no concept of decorative art. In 1980, Everett tried to teach them to count: be explained basic arithmetic to an enthusiastic group keen to learn the skills needed to trade with other tribes. After eight months, not one could count to ten; even one plus one is beyond them. The experiment seemed to confirm Everett’s theory: the tribe just couldn’t conceive the concept of number.

The Pirahã’s inability to count is important because it seems to disapprove Noam Chomsky’s influential Theory of Universal Grammar, which holds that the human mind has a natural capacity for language, and that all languages share a basic rule structure, which enables children to understand abstract concepts such as number. One of Chomsky’s collaborators has recently gone on an expedition with Everett to study the tribe. We do not yet know if the Pirahã have persuaded him to change his theory.

Question: What does Chomsky’s Theory of Universal Grammar hold?

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

One of Mrs. White’s daughters wants their first baby to be a boy.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Ancient people use pots for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

The children learn primely by directly experiencing the world around it.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

This is my first visit to Singapore.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

“You broke my window.” said the man to the little boy.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

There’s no need for you to pay the bill this morning.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

She couldn’t tell you the truth. She didn’t know it.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

I could hear the noise next door all day long. It stopped just after midnight.

Choose the correct answer to fill in the gap:

During quarantine, I’ve _______myself not to see him even though I long for him every single day.