Tiny blood vessel that connects an arteriole to a venule

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The amount of time it takes for capillaries that have been compressed to refill with blood.

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The cessation of cardiac function with the patient displaying no pulse, no breathing, and unresponsiveness.

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Reduced heart function caused by any variety of conditions, diseases, or injuries affecting the heart.

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The specialized contractile and conductive tissue of the heart that generates electrical impulses and causes the heart to beat.

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A bruise to the heart wall caused by severe blunt trauma to the chest where the heart is violently compressed between the sternum and the spinal column.

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An increase in the size of the heart from a thickening of the heart wall, without a parallel increase in the size of the cavity.

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A type of involuntary muscle found only in the walls of the heart. This muscle has the property of automaticity, the capability to generate an impulse on its own, separately from the central nervous system.

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The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in 1 minute.

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Poor perfusion resulting from an ineffective pump function of the heart, typically the left ventricle.

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The point at which the trachea splits into the right and left mainstem bronchi.

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One of two major arteries of the neck, which supply the brain and head with blood.

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The eight bones that form the wrist.

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Clouding of the lens of the eye from pathologic changes within the lens.

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A cavity formed by a pressure wave resulting from the kinetic energy of a bullet traveling through body tissue. Also called pathway expansion.

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The process within the cell of breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen. Also called aerobic metabolism.

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Receptors located in the medulla that are most sensitive to changes in carbon dioxide and the pH.

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Loss of function in upper extremities caused by injury to the middle portion of the spinal cord.

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A catheter that is designed to deliver medication into the central circulation of the body. Also called central venous line.

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The brain and spinal cord.

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Define CNS

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Normal delivery position in which the head of the fetus is the presenting part. Also called vertex presentation.

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Part of the brain controlling equilibrium and muscle coordination.

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An embolus that lodges in and occludes a cerebral artery

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An umbrella term for motor impairments resulting from brain abnormalities or injuries that occur early in development.

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a clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and the spinal cord.

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Define CSF

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largest part of the brain, responsible for most conscious and sensory functions, the emotions, and the personality.

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the first seven vertebrae, or the neck.

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the first seven vertebrae, or the neck.

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a series of five interventions, or links, identified by the American Heart Association as those that provide the best chance for successful resuscitation of a cardiac arrest patient. The five links of the adult chain are immediate recognition and activation, early CPR, rapid defibrillation, effective advanced life support, and integrated post-cardiac-arrest care. The five links of the pediatric chain are prevention of arrest, early high-quality CPR performed by bystanders, rapid activation of EMS or other emergency medical responders, effective advanced life support and rapid transport to an appropriate medical facility, and integrated post-cardiac-arrest care.

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the concept that all gases expand equally upon being heated.

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receptors that constantly monitor the arterial content of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the blood pH and stimulate a change in the respiratory rate and depth

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receptors that constantly monitor the arterial content of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the blood pH and stimulate a change in the respiratory rate and depth

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physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment or neglect of a child from newborn to 18 years of age.

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the chin as the first presenting part at the vaginal opening during birth.

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inflammation of the gallbladder.

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long term, progressing gradually.

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A progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months to years.

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Define CKD

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umbrella term that describes pulmonary diseases such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

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Define COPD

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a progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months to years.

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Define CRF

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System composed of the heart and blood vessels that brings oxygen and nutrients to and takes wastes away from body cells.

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system composed of the heart and blood vessels that brings oxygen and nutrients to and takes wastes away from body cells.

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burn that encircles a body area

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a moist, or a cool and moist, condition; a skin condition often characteristic of shock.

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injury incurred when a body part is caught or strangled by a piece of machinery, a tool, or other object or equipment.

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the collarbone, attached to the superior portion of the sternum.

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a question that requires only a “yes” or “no” answer.

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a fracture with no associated break in the skin.

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an injury in which, even though the scalp or skull might be lacerated, the skull remains intact with no opening to the brain.

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any injury in which there is no break in the continuity of the skin.

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a skull fracture in which the skull is fractured with no open wound to the overlying scalp.

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headaches that occur repetitively, in clusters, with excruciating pain usually found on one side of the head or face in the temporal region or around the eye.

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substances that inhibit or decrease central nervous system functions.

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substances that excite or increase central nervous system functions.

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the four fused vertebrae that form the most distal end of the spine; the tailbone.

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the mental state that involves having perception, attention, emotion, memory, and executive function.

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deterioration of a person’s thinking, memory, language, and judgment skills.

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the area adjacent to the warm zone in a hazardous materials emergency. Normal triage, treatment, and stabilization are performed here.

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an unconscious state in which a person does not respond to any stimulus, including pain.

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sudden cardiac arrest caused by a projectile, such as a baseball, striking the anterior chest.

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a dynamic process that incorporates verbal and nonverbal expressions into meaningful messages that are received and interpreted by others.

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services provided by the EMS agency and personnel that are administratively and clinically integrated with other health care entities.

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Define CP

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a condition in which increased tissue pressure in a confined space causes decreased blood flow, leading to hypoxia and possible muscle, nerve, and vessel impairment, which can be permanent if the cells die.

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the stage of shock in which a cascade of organ and gland stimulation and hormones occurs to increase the blood pressure, restore arterial wall tension, and maintain a near normal blood pressure and perfusion of the vital organs.

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injury to the spinal cord that results in a complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic function below the level of injury.

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a way to gain access to a patient that requires the use of tools and specialized equipment.

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seizure starting in a small area of the temporal or frontal lobe of one cerebral hemisphere, then spreading to other areas of the brain but not the RAS, allowing the patient to remain awake but not aware (with impaired cognition). The lack of awareness results from the specific areas of brain typically involved in the seizure activity. Formerly known as a psychomotor seizure or a temperal lobe seizure.

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the measure of the capability of the chest wall and lungs to stretch, distend, and expand.

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an arm or leg in the birth canal that presents along with the head or buttocks at the vaginal opening during birth.

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the concept of maximizing the number of healthy years in one’s life while simultaneously minimizing the number of years of disease/disability at the end of life.

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three bony ridges located on the sides of the nasal cavity.

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mild injury that causes temporary loss of brain function.

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transfer of heat through direct physical touch with nearby objects.

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a joint that permits limited motion in two directions, for example such a joint in the wrist enables the hand to move up and down and side to side but not to rotate completely.

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a cardiac disease in which the heart cannot pump blood sufficiently to meet the needs of the body

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Define CHF

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the thin covering of the inner eyelids and exposed portion of the sclera of the eye.

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same or similar reaction of the unstimulated pupil when the other pupil is stimulated, as when a light is shined into one pupil and both pupils contract.

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permission that must be obtained before care is rendered.

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a federal regulation that ensures the public’s access to emergency health care regardless of ability to pay.

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Define COBRA

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narrowed, made small

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a form of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. This device delivers a continuous flow of air under pressure.

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Define CPAP

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situations in which a medication should not be used

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a closed injury to the cells and blood vessels contained within the dermis that is characterized by discoloration, swelling, and pain; a bruise; bruising or swelling of the brain.

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loss of body heat to the atmosphere when air passes over the body.

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unresponsiveness accompanied by a generalized jerky muscle movement affecting the entire body.

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weakening and failure of the right ventricle of the heart. Also called right-sided heart failure or right ventricular heart failure.

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the clear front portion of the eye that covers the pupil and the iris.

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blood vessels that supply the heart with blood.

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narrowing and hardening of the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle. See atherosclerosis; arteriosclerosis.

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Define CAD

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middle portion of the uterus. Also called body.

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a brain injury in which there can be damage at the point of a blow to the head and/or damage on the side opposite the blow as the brain is propelled against the opposite side of the skull.

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bubbly or crackling sounds heard during inhalation. Also called rales.

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bones fused together to form a helmet-like covering over the brain.

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the bones that form the top, back, and sides of the skull plus the forehead.

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the sound or feel of broken fragments of bone grinding against each other

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the most inferior portion of the larynx and only full cartilaginous ring of the upper airway. It is felt immediately below the thyroid cartilage.

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pressure applied to the cricoid cartilage to compress the esophagus. Also called Sellick maneuver.

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any situation that causes unusually strong emotions that interfere with the ability to function.

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a session usually held within 24 to 72 hours of a critical incident, where a team of peer counselors and mental health professionals help emergency service personnel work through emotions that normally follow a critical incident.

(a)  

Define CISD

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a technique in which the thumb and index finger are crossed with the thumb on the lower incisors and the index finger on the upper incisors. The fingers are moved in a snapping or scissor motion to open the mouth.

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a sound similar to that of a cawing crow that indicates that the muscles around the larynx are in spasm and beginning to narrow the opening into the trachea.

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the stage in delivery when the fetal head presents at the vagina.

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an open or closed injury in which high-pressure forces cause serious damage to underlying soft tissues with internal bleeding, resulting in possible hemorrhagic shock.

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an ischemic stroke whose cause cannot be attributed to a specific source of embolism, thrombosis, or small artery disease even with extensive medical testing.

(a)  

a protective reflex by the body to maintain perfusion of the brain in a head-injured patient with increased intracranial pressure. The systolic blood pressure increases, heart rate decreases, and the respiratory pattern changes. This syndrome indicates severe head injury.

(a)  

a rapid-acting agent that disrupts the capability of the cell to use oxygen, leading to severe cellular hypoxia and eventual death.

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a blue-gray color of the mucous membranes and/or skin, which indicates inadequate oxygenation or poor perfusion.

(a)  

the use of computer network tools to shut down critical national infrastructure (e.g., energy, medical transportation, government operations) or to coerce or intimidate a government or civilian population

(a)