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Unit 7 Memory/8Thinking/Lang PRACTICE

Total questions: 62

Worksheet time: 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Visual and auditory memory are part of _____________.

a)

long-term memory

b)

working memory

c)

sensory memory

d)

short-term memory

2.

Fleeting visual memory is called _______________.

a)

implicit memory

b)

explicit memory

c)

iconic memory

d)

echoic memory

3.

Fleeting auditory memory is called _____________.

a)

iconic memory

b)

echoic memory

c)

prospective memory

d)

procedural memory

4.

Short-term memory (STM) is also known as ___________.

a)

episodic memory

b)

semantic memory

c)

working memory

d)

sensory memory

5.

Which type of memory has unlimited capacity to remember things your whole life?

a)

sensory memory

b)

explicit memory

c)

long-term memory

d)

implicit memory

6.

Which brain part is generally considered most important for memory (especially explicit memory)?

a)

hypothalamus

b)

cerebellum

c)

amygdala

d)

hippocampus

7.

A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event is called a(an) ___________________.

a)

iconic memory

b)

flashbulb memory

c)

implicit memory

d)

explicit memory

8.

The first stage of memory where information bombards us at every second is called ______________.

a)

sensory memory

b)

short-term memory

c)

automatic processing

d)

effortful processing

9.

About __________ items can be held in ___________ for up to 20 seconds without rehearsal.

a)

10; implicit memory

b)

7; LTM

c)

3-5; sensory

d)

5-9; STM

10.
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units.
a)
chunking
b)
mnemonic
c)
relearning
d)
recall
11.

Our memory for skills, such as riding a bike. (Select two answers)

a)

implicit memory

b)

explicit memory

c)

echoic memory

d)

iconic memory

e)

procedural memory

12.

Our memory for facts, such as psych vocabulary. (Select two answers.)

a)

explicit memory

b)

implicit memory

c)

semantic memory

d)

episodic memory

e)

prospective memory

13.
Which memory task involves identifying objects encountered before?
a)
Recognition
b)
Recall
c)
Relearning
d)
Repression
14.

A memory from our own personal life is a __________. (Select two answers.)

a)

echoic memory

b)

iconic memory

c)

episodic memory

d)

semantic memory

e)

explicit memory

15.

What is it called when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information (i.e., you can't remember the old info)?

a)

retrograde amnesia

b)

anterograde amnesia

c)

Proactive interference

d)

retroactive interference

16.

The loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the onset of amnesia is called

a)

anterograde amnesia

b)

retrograde amnesia

c)

proactive interference

d)

retroactive interference

17.

When old memories interfere with the encoding of new information (i.e., you can't remember the new info).

a)

Retroactive Interference

b)

Proactive Interference

c)

Repression

d)

Misinformation Effect

18.

Memory of facts is called _________ while the memory of (motor) skills is called _________.

a)

retrospective memory; prospective memory

b)

explicit memory; implicit memory

c)

retrograde amnesia; anterograde amnesia

d)

retroactive interference; proactive interference

19.
A type of motivated forgetting in which painful memories are blocked from conscious awareness is 
a)
Retroactive interference
b)
Proactive interference
c)
Repression
d)
Priming
20.

Your memory of what to do in the future, like remembering things on your "to-do"list, is called _____________ memory.

a)

retrospective

b)

prospective

c)

implicit

d)

explicit

21.

What is your best technique for combatting test anxiety?

a)

Overlearning

b)

Chunking

c)

Phonemic encoding

d)

Cheating

22.

A conceptual framework that a person uses to remember things and make sense of the world is called a(an) ________.

a)

flashbulb

b)

retrieval cue

c)

chunk

d)

schema

23.

According to state-dependent learning theory (and the encoding specificity model and mood-congruent memory), what are the best conditions in which to study?

a)

in a quiet area where you can concentrate

b)

with serious study partners

c)

in the same conditions as you will have when you take the exam.

d)

at school with the teacher

24.

What technique is so important in moving information from sensory memory to STM?

a)

overlearning

b)

distributed practice

c)

rehearsal

d)

Selective attention

25.

According to years of psychological research, what is the best way to study?

a)

distributed practice

b)

massed practice

c)

online

d)

in-person

e)

in large groups

26.

What is it called when memories become firmly entrenched in your brain (i.e., moved into LTM)?

a)

chunking

b)

consolidation

c)

repression

d)

relearning

27.

What is the term for it when information introduced after the fact changes your memory of an event?

a)

retrograde amnesia

b)

anterograde amnesia

c)

misinformation effect

d)

retroactive interference

28.

What is the psych term for not remembering where or when you learned something?

a)

organic amnesia

b)

misinformation effect

c)

source amnesia

d)

brain fart

29.

What's the term for the finding that people find it easier to remember what is at the front and end of what they study as opposed to what is in the middle?

a)

misinformation effect

b)

serial-position effect

c)

source amnesia

d)

coding specificity effect

30.

What's the term for the idea that every time you think of something from the past, you change the memory of it slightly?

a)

repression

b)

source amnesia

c)

implicit memory construction

d)

Reconsolidation

31.

What is the smallest form of language that can carry meaning?

a)

Phoneme

b)

Morpheme

c)

Grammar

d)

Babbling

e)

Critical Period

32.

NEW CONCEPT: Which theory says that if a child does not learn a language of any kind by the age of 7, they will never be able to master a language?

a)

Insight

b)

Intuition

c)

Phoneme

d)

Morpheme

e)

Critical Periods theory

33.

A, an, and ill are all examples of:

a)

Phonemes

b)

Morphemes

c)

Syntax

d)

Grammar

34.

NEW CONCEPT: Skinner and other behaviorists have argued that language development is the result of ____________.

a)

Imitation

b)

Reinforcement

c)

Association

d)

All of the above

35.

Which structural component of language is the smallest unit of distinctive sound?

a)

Phoneme

b)

Morpheme

c)

Semantic

d)

Implicit

36.

Which brain area controls the expression of language?

a)

Mouth

b)

Wernicke’s area

c)

Temporal lobe

d)

Auditory cortex

e)

Broca’s area

37.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
38.

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage of

a)

confirmation bias.

b)

functional fixedness.

c)

belief perseverance.

d)

the representativeness heuristic.

39.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
40.

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates

a)

the availability heuristic.

b)

linguistic determinism.

c)

functional fixedness.

d)

the representativeness heuristic.

41.

Critical thinking is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage. Which of the following cognitive tendencies is NOT an obstacle to critical thinking?

a)

functional fixedness

b)

insight

c)

mental set

d)

confirmation bias

42.

A typical one-year-old child

a)

uses telegraphic speech.

b)

imitates two-word phases.

c)

is in the cooing stage.

d)

has lost the ability to discriminate phoneme sounds outside her native language.

43.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
44.

Mikayla wants to break up with her boyfriend. She seems to only notice instances of her relationship not working out, and forgets the good times. This would be an example of a/an ________________.

a)

confirmation bias.

b)

mental set.

c)

intuition.

d)

availability heuristic.

45.

Lashaun is looking to buy a new car. Because he read in the news last week about a Honda Civic exploding in the parking lot of Sprouts, he is hesitant to look at Toyotas. This is an example of (the) _________

a)

belief perseverance.

b)

availability heuristic.

c)

framing.

d)

confirmation bias.

46.

Mental sets and functional fixedness are examples of _____________.

a)

Algorithms

b)

Heuristics

c)

Fixation

d)

Insight

47.

A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how easily other instances are retrieved from memory is called a/the

a)

Availability heuristic

b)

confirmation bias

c)

Representativeness heuristic

d)

law of small numbers

48.

When Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip she used her down-jacket as a substitute pillow. In this situation, Janice ______________________.

a)

used a heuristic to solve her problem

b)

was constrained by a mental set

c)

was not constrained by functional fixedness

d)

used an algorithm to solve her problem

49.

Rudy is 6 feet, 6 inches tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:

a)

Belief perseverance

b)

The availability heuristic

c)

A mental set

d)

The representativeness heuristic

e)

Functional fixedness

50.

______________ are incomplete and simplified strategies that save time yet often lead to invalid conclusions.

a)

Algorithms

b)

Heuristics

c)

Fixations

d)

Insights

51.

Using heuristics leads to _______________.

a)

prejudice

b)

possible discrimination

c)

cognitive biases

d)

stereotyping

e)

All of the above

52.

What is a good way to combat confirmation bias?

a)

Reading information that supports your conclusions.

b)

Hanging around like-minded people.

c)

Believing information that comes from sources you've trusted in the past.

d)

Being open to information that disproves what you believe.

53.

When you cling to previously-formed conclusions, despite new information or nuance, you are practicing...

a)

anchoring bias

b)

the framing effect

c)

belief-perseverance

d)

functional fixedness

54.

The way an issue is posed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. This is called...

a)

insight

b)

a heuristic

c)

a mental set

d)

framing

55.

When Paolo saw that the first three customers at Jamba Juice ordered a strawberry smoothie, he concluded that strawberry was by far the most popular fruit for a smoothie. What bias did he show?

a)

the gambler's fallacy

b)

a mental set

c)

overconfidence

d)

the law of small numbers

56.

After six straight days of sunshine in the month of February in Los Angeles, Angelina concluded that we were due for a day of rain. What cognitive bias hampered Angelina's thinking?

a)

the representative heuristic

b)

the availability heuristic

c)

the gambler's fallacy

d)

the law of small numbers

57.

In Individualistic cultures, as opposed to Collectivist cultures, the use of __________________ is often more highly valued.

a)

divergent thinking

b)

convergent thinking

c)

algorithms

d)

heuristics

58.

When approaching certain problems, such as in math, it is good to be a ___________________,

a)

divergent thinker

b)

convergent thinker

c)

heuristic user

d)

gambler

59.

After damage to the left, frontal lobe of the brain from a car accident, Tanya couldn't speak. Psychologists would describe her condition as ____________________.

a)

fixation

b)

Broca's aphasia

c)

a cognitive bias

d)

linguistic determinism

60.

Lack of proper language comprehension is explained through damage to (the) ____________________, in the left, temporal lobe.

a)

Broca's Area

b)

Wernicke's Area

c)

hippocampus

d)

cerebellum

61.

The idea that random things happen to people that are out of their control is more common among Spanish speakers than English speakers. This might be used as evidence for ___________________.

a)

Noam Chomsky's language acquisition theory

b)

metalinguistic awareness

c)

Broca's aphasia

d)

linguistic determinism

62.

NEW CONCEPT: Noam Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition holds that kids have an inborn mental structure for language that includes some rules of grammar and makes learning language easy. Which of the following statements is used as support for this theory?

a)

Children repeat words that they hear frequently.

b)

Regardless of the language learned, children tend to make similar errors of grammar when they first begin to learn language.

c)

Chimpanzees and other apes can easily learn language.

d)

Some children’s vocabularies are extensive, despite the fact that they may live in poor environments