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WorksheetsUnit 7 Memory/8Thinking/Lang PRACTICE
Total questions: 62
Worksheet time: 32mins
Visual and auditory memory are part of _____________.
long-term memory
working memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
Fleeting visual memory is called _______________.
implicit memory
explicit memory
iconic memory
echoic memory
Fleeting auditory memory is called _____________.
iconic memory
echoic memory
prospective memory
procedural memory
Short-term memory (STM) is also known as ___________.
episodic memory
semantic memory
working memory
sensory memory
Which type of memory has unlimited capacity to remember things your whole life?
sensory memory
explicit memory
long-term memory
implicit memory
Which brain part is generally considered most important for memory (especially explicit memory)?
hypothalamus
cerebellum
amygdala
hippocampus
A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event is called a(an) ___________________.
iconic memory
flashbulb memory
implicit memory
explicit memory
The first stage of memory where information bombards us at every second is called ______________.
sensory memory
short-term memory
automatic processing
effortful processing
About __________ items can be held in ___________ for up to 20 seconds without rehearsal.
10; implicit memory
7; LTM
3-5; sensory
5-9; STM
Our memory for skills, such as riding a bike. (Select two answers)
implicit memory
explicit memory
echoic memory
iconic memory
procedural memory
Our memory for facts, such as psych vocabulary. (Select two answers.)
explicit memory
implicit memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
prospective memory
A memory from our own personal life is a __________. (Select two answers.)
echoic memory
iconic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
explicit memory
What is it called when new information impairs the retention of previously learned information (i.e., you can't remember the old info)?
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
Proactive interference
retroactive interference
The loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the onset of amnesia is called
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
proactive interference
retroactive interference
When old memories interfere with the encoding of new information (i.e., you can't remember the new info).
Retroactive Interference
Proactive Interference
Repression
Misinformation Effect
Memory of facts is called _________ while the memory of (motor) skills is called _________.
retrospective memory; prospective memory
explicit memory; implicit memory
retrograde amnesia; anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference; proactive interference
Your memory of what to do in the future, like remembering things on your "to-do"list, is called _____________ memory.
retrospective
prospective
implicit
explicit
What is your best technique for combatting test anxiety?
Overlearning
Chunking
Phonemic encoding
Cheating
A conceptual framework that a person uses to remember things and make sense of the world is called a(an) ________.
flashbulb
retrieval cue
chunk
schema
According to state-dependent learning theory (and the encoding specificity model and mood-congruent memory), what are the best conditions in which to study?
in a quiet area where you can concentrate
with serious study partners
in the same conditions as you will have when you take the exam.
at school with the teacher
What technique is so important in moving information from sensory memory to STM?
overlearning
distributed practice
rehearsal
Selective attention
According to years of psychological research, what is the best way to study?
distributed practice
massed practice
online
in-person
in large groups
What is it called when memories become firmly entrenched in your brain (i.e., moved into LTM)?
chunking
consolidation
repression
relearning
What is the term for it when information introduced after the fact changes your memory of an event?
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
misinformation effect
retroactive interference
What is the psych term for not remembering where or when you learned something?
organic amnesia
misinformation effect
source amnesia
brain fart
What's the term for the finding that people find it easier to remember what is at the front and end of what they study as opposed to what is in the middle?
misinformation effect
serial-position effect
source amnesia
coding specificity effect
What's the term for the idea that every time you think of something from the past, you change the memory of it slightly?
repression
source amnesia
implicit memory construction
Reconsolidation
What is the smallest form of language that can carry meaning?
Phoneme
Morpheme
Grammar
Babbling
Critical Period
NEW CONCEPT: Which theory says that if a child does not learn a language of any kind by the age of 7, they will never be able to master a language?
Insight
Intuition
Phoneme
Morpheme
Critical Periods theory
A, an, and ill are all examples of:
Phonemes
Morphemes
Syntax
Grammar
NEW CONCEPT: Skinner and other behaviorists have argued that language development is the result of ____________.
Imitation
Reinforcement
Association
All of the above
Which structural component of language is the smallest unit of distinctive sound?
Phoneme
Morpheme
Semantic
Implicit
Which brain area controls the expression of language?
Mouth
Wernicke’s area
Temporal lobe
Auditory cortex
Broca’s area
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage of
confirmation bias.
functional fixedness.
belief perseverance.
the representativeness heuristic.
Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates
the availability heuristic.
linguistic determinism.
functional fixedness.
the representativeness heuristic.
Critical thinking is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage. Which of the following cognitive tendencies is NOT an obstacle to critical thinking?
functional fixedness
insight
mental set
confirmation bias
A typical one-year-old child
uses telegraphic speech.
imitates two-word phases.
is in the cooing stage.
has lost the ability to discriminate phoneme sounds outside her native language.
Mikayla wants to break up with her boyfriend. She seems to only notice instances of her relationship not working out, and forgets the good times. This would be an example of a/an ________________.
confirmation bias.
mental set.
intuition.
availability heuristic.
Lashaun is looking to buy a new car. Because he read in the news last week about a Honda Civic exploding in the parking lot of Sprouts, he is hesitant to look at Toyotas. This is an example of (the) _________
belief perseverance.
availability heuristic.
framing.
confirmation bias.
Mental sets and functional fixedness are examples of _____________.
Algorithms
Heuristics
Fixation
Insight
A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how easily other instances are retrieved from memory is called a/the
Availability heuristic
confirmation bias
Representativeness heuristic
law of small numbers
When Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip she used her down-jacket as a substitute pillow. In this situation, Janice ______________________.
used a heuristic to solve her problem
was constrained by a mental set
was not constrained by functional fixedness
used an algorithm to solve her problem
Rudy is 6 feet, 6 inches tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:
Belief perseverance
The availability heuristic
A mental set
The representativeness heuristic
Functional fixedness
______________ are incomplete and simplified strategies that save time yet often lead to invalid conclusions.
Algorithms
Heuristics
Fixations
Insights
Using heuristics leads to _______________.
prejudice
possible discrimination
cognitive biases
stereotyping
All of the above
What is a good way to combat confirmation bias?
Reading information that supports your conclusions.
Hanging around like-minded people.
Believing information that comes from sources you've trusted in the past.
Being open to information that disproves what you believe.
When you cling to previously-formed conclusions, despite new information or nuance, you are practicing...
anchoring bias
the framing effect
belief-perseverance
functional fixedness
The way an issue is posed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. This is called...
insight
a heuristic
a mental set
framing
When Paolo saw that the first three customers at Jamba Juice ordered a strawberry smoothie, he concluded that strawberry was by far the most popular fruit for a smoothie. What bias did he show?
the gambler's fallacy
a mental set
overconfidence
the law of small numbers
After six straight days of sunshine in the month of February in Los Angeles, Angelina concluded that we were due for a day of rain. What cognitive bias hampered Angelina's thinking?
the representative heuristic
the availability heuristic
the gambler's fallacy
the law of small numbers
In Individualistic cultures, as opposed to Collectivist cultures, the use of __________________ is often more highly valued.
divergent thinking
convergent thinking
algorithms
heuristics
When approaching certain problems, such as in math, it is good to be a ___________________,
divergent thinker
convergent thinker
heuristic user
gambler
After damage to the left, frontal lobe of the brain from a car accident, Tanya couldn't speak. Psychologists would describe her condition as ____________________.
fixation
Broca's aphasia
a cognitive bias
linguistic determinism
Lack of proper language comprehension is explained through damage to (the) ____________________, in the left, temporal lobe.
Broca's Area
Wernicke's Area
hippocampus
cerebellum
The idea that random things happen to people that are out of their control is more common among Spanish speakers than English speakers. This might be used as evidence for ___________________.
Noam Chomsky's language acquisition theory
metalinguistic awareness
Broca's aphasia
linguistic determinism
NEW CONCEPT: Noam Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition holds that kids have an inborn mental structure for language that includes some rules of grammar and makes learning language easy. Which of the following statements is used as support for this theory?
Children repeat words that they hear frequently.
Regardless of the language learned, children tend to make similar errors of grammar when they first begin to learn language.
Chimpanzees and other apes can easily learn language.
Some children’s vocabularies are extensive, despite the fact that they may live in poor environments
